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1、..初中英语语法专项——介词(Preposition)介词(prep.):介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分。其后面一般有名词、代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语作它的宾语。介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较固定的搭配。一、介词种类1.简单介词:at,in,on,about,off,across,before,after,beside,for,to,of,over,past等。2.复合介词:into,inside,onto,without,outside,becauseof,infrontof,
2、outof,insteadof,alongwith,accordingto等。二、用法区别1.at,on,in(1)at+钟点atsixo’clock【固定搭配】atnoon/night,attheendof,atthebeginningof,attheageof(2)on+具体某一天及某天的早午晚/星期/一般的节日onJune2nd,2007在2007年6月2日onFridayonFridayafternoononthenightofOctober22ndonTeachers’DayonChr
3、istmasDay/atChristmasonarainyday在雨天(3)in+月份/季节/年及泛指的早午晚in2007inMarch,2007inthemorning/afternoon/eveninginspring/summer/autumn/winter;....?练一练:1—4ABBB1.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis___themorningofJuly9.A.onB.inC.at2.Thetwinswereborn___
4、aFridayevening.A.inB.onC.at3.WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived___5o’clock___themorning.A.on;inB.at;inC.at;in4.Wefinishourlessons___11:30andthenhavearest___noon.A.in;inB.at;atC.in;at2.in,at,onarrivein+大地方arriveat+小地方onafarm在农场表示“在某地”时,at+小地方,in+大地方
5、,on+门牌/某层楼onthefifthfloor在第五层楼athome在家atthebusstop在汽车站inChina在中国intheworld在世界上3.in,on,to(表示方位)in表示在某一地区之内(属于该范围)。(包含)on表示与某一地区的毗邻关系,互相接壤。(相切)to表示在某一地区之外,不接壤的某方位(不属于该范围)。(相离)?练一练:1—2BB1.Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,to
6、C.to,in2.Mongoliais___thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to;....4.between,amongbetween在⋯⋯之间(两者)between⋯and⋯among在⋯⋯之间(三者或以上)eg.Thehousestandsbetweentwofarms.这座房子位于两个农场之间。Thehousestandsamongfarms.这座房子位于农场之间。5.inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指动物或人(外来物)在树上onthetree指
7、果实、树叶等长在树上eg.Theapplesareontheappletrees.Thebirdsaresinginginthetree.6.across,throughacross强调穿过某一个平面/指从一端到另一端(street⋯)through强调穿过某一立体的空间(forest,city⋯)eg.Wewalkedthroughtheforest.Iswamacrosstheriver.(这里指人从河这边游到对岸。)7.over(反义词under),above(反义词below),on(反
8、义词beneath)over指在某物体垂直上方,但不与该物体直接接触,其反义词是under。above指在上方的任意一点,不一定是垂直的正上方,不接触,其反义词是below。on表示“在⋯⋯上面”,且互相接触,其反义词是beneath。?练一练:1—3BAA1.Look!Thereisabridge___theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg___theplate?A.onB.inC.over3.Thelight___usisverybright.