无机物英语命名ppt课件.ppt

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1、一单原子离子1正离子Cu+copper(Ⅰ)Cu2+copper(Ⅱ)2负离子-ideSulfideS2-NitrideN3-OxideO2-氟fluorineF-fluoride氯chlorineCl-chloride溴bromineBr-bromide二多原子离子1-ate-iteNO3-nitrateCO32-carbonateNO2-nitriteOH-hydroxideSO42-sulfateSO32-sulfiteHCO3-hydrogencarbonateHSO4-hydrogensulfateH2PO43-di

2、hydrogenphosphate2FewestOxygenAtomshypo—iteFewerOxygenAtoms—iteMoreOxygenAtoms—ateMostOxygenAtomsper—ateClO-hypochloriteClO2-chloriteClO3-chlorateClO4-perchlorate三两种元素组成的化合物FeOiron(II)oxide(ferrousoxide)Fe2O3iron(III)oxide(ferricoxide)SnCl4tin(IV)chloridePbO2lead(IV

3、)oxide金属氢化物一般命名规则：金属名＋hydrideCaH2calciumhydrideNaHsodiumhydride非金属氢化物一般命名规则：hydrogen+非金属+ideHClhydrogenchlorideH2Shydrogensulfide(sulphide)HFhydrogenfluorideSiCsiliconcarbide非金属氧化物命名：非金属名＋n-oxide(l)mono-(2)di-(3)tri-(4)tetra-(5)penta-(6)hexa-(7)hepata-(8)octa-(9)non

4、a-(10)deca-COcarbonmonoxideCO2carbondioxideNO2nitrogendioxideN2O4nitrogentetraoxideCl2O7dichlorineheptaoxideClO2chlorinedioxideSF4sulfurtetrafluorideSF6sulfurhexafluorideCrO2chromiumdioxideCrO3chromiumtrioxide四、三种以上元素组成的化合物碱的一般命名规则：金属名（化合价）＋hydroxideSn(OH)2tin(Ⅱ)hyd

5、roxideSn(OH)4tin(IV)hydroxide盐的一般命名规则：金属名（化合价）＋酸根名Hg2SO4mercury(Ⅰ)sulfateHgSO4mercury(Ⅱ)sulfateFeSO4iron(Ⅱ)sulfateFe2(SO4)3iron(Ⅲ)sulfateNaClOsodiumhypochloriteNaClO4sodiumperchlorateKClO3NaHCO3含结晶水的hydrate水合物，unhydrous无水的，不含水的CuSO4·5H2Ocopper(II)sulfatepentahydrate

6、CuSO4unhydrouscopper(II)sulfateNaCO3·10H2O五无机酸1不含氧酸hydro-—-icacideHClhydrochloricacidHFhydrofluoricacidHBrhydrobromicacidH2Shydrosulfuricacid2含氧酸-ic正酸把负离子的-ate变为-ic，后边加acidHNO3nitricacidH2SO4sulfuricacidH3PO4-ous亚酸把负离子的-ite变为-ous，后边加acidH2SO3sulfurousacid3per-高某酸hyp

7、o-次某酸HClO4perchloricacidHClOhypochlorousacid