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1、第二章有机化合物的命名(OrganicChemicalNomenclature)i).总碳数≤10时(totalCno.≤10):1.甲:meth-;8.辛:octa-;2.乙:eth-;9.壬:nona-;3.丙:prop-;10.癸:deca-.4.丁:buta-;11.半,1/2:hemi-,semi-;5.戊:penta-;12.单,一:mono-,uni-;6.己:hexa-;13.3/2:sesqui-;7.庚:hepta-;14.双,两:di-,bi-,bis-.NumberPrefi
2、x(数字前缀):ii).总碳数>10时(totalCno.>10):普遍规律:一:hen(i)-;2.二:do-;3.三:tri(a)-;4.四:tetra-;五以后同上.常用字头:11:undeca,hendeca-;12:dodeca-;13:trideca-;14:tetradeca-;15:pentadeca-;16:hexadeca-;17:heptadeca-;18:octadeca-;19:nonadeca-;20:eicosa-;21:heneicosa-;22:docosa-;23
3、:tricosa-;24:tetracosa-;25:pentacosa-;26:hexacosa-;27:heptacosa-;28:octacosa-;29:nonacosa-;30:triaconta-;31:hentriaconta-;40:tetraconta-;50:pentaconta-;60:hexaconta-;70:heptaconta-;80:octaconta-;90:enneaconta-.NumberPrefix(数字前缀):2.1.NomenclatureofHydro
4、carbons:(烃类命名法)2.1.1饱和烃(SaturatedCnH2n+2(alkanes))a、饱和直链烃及其单价自由基(SaturatedUnbranched-chainCompoundsandUnivalentRadicals)烷烃:alkane,C1-C4为半系统命名,与希腊文的数字无关。自C5起以下为系统命名,名称由希腊文的数字加烷烃词尾“ane”组成。如下:ExamplesofNamesofnormalalkanes(n=totalnumberofcarbonatoms)nName
5、nName1Methane11Undecane2Ethane12Dodecane3Propane13Tridecane4Butane14Tetradecane5Pentane15Pentadecane6Hexane16Hexadecane7Heptane17Heptadecane8Octane18Octadecane9Nonane19Nonadecane10DecanenNamenName20Eicosane30Triacontane21Henicosane40Tetracontane22Docos
6、ane50Pentacontane23Tricosane60Hexacontane24Tetracosane70Heptacontane25Pentacosane80Octacontane26Hexacosane90Nonacontane27Heptacosane100Hectane28Octacosane32Dotriacontane29Nonacosane132Dotriacontahectane烷烃自由基(CnH2n+1radicals,alkyls)的命名:将相应烷烃后面的“-ane”用“-
7、yl”代替,带有单电子的碳原子标号为1。CH4methane;CH3—methyl“ane”→“yl”Undecyl1110-21Pentyl54321b、饱和支链烃及其单价自由基(SaturatedBranched-chainCompoundsandUnivalentRadicals)命名时取最长的碳链作为主链,然后编号,使侧链具有最低的编号。其英文名称为侧链名称+主链名称。如有几个侧链,则按取代基词头的字顺排序。例如:3-Methylpentane2,3,5-Trimethylhexane(no
8、t2,4,5-Trimethylhexane)5-Methyl-4-propylnonane(not5-Methyl-6-propylnonanebeccause4,5islowerthen5,6)54321543216543216789ethyliscitedbeforemethyl,thus4-Ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptanedimethylpentyl(ascompletesinglesubstituent)isalphabetizedund