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1、十三、定语从句:在句中作定语的句子,它修饰一个名词或代词,这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。一、引导词(关系词):位于从句与先行词之间,起连接作用,同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分两类:1.关系代词who(作主语),whom(作宾语),whose(作定语),which(作主语、宾语),that(作主语、宾语).2.关系副词when,where,why.注意:1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略.eg.Thetrees(that)wehaveplantedgrowwell.2.关系代词作宾语时,可放在介词后。但当关系代词是th
2、at时,则不能放在介词后。eg.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived=ThisisthehousewhichLuXunoncelivedin.=ThisisthehousethatLuXunoncelivedin二、如何选用引导词:一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的——先行词是人时用that,who,whom,whose;先行词是物时用that,which;先行词是时间、地点时用when,where.eg.1)Theboywho/thatisstandingunderthetreeisJim.站在树下的那个男
3、孩时Jim.2)Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisadriver?你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗?3)Haveyoubeentothefactorywhereyourfatherworks?你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗?但注意区别who/that(指人);which/that(指物)1.修饰人只用who的情况:a.先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时。b.therebe句型中修饰名词时。c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。eg.1)Anyonewhohasn’thandedinhishome-workshouldst
4、ayafterschool.没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。2)Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyouattheschoolgate.校门口有位想见你的女孩。3)Didyouseethemanintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhoworearedshirt?昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗?2.修饰人或物只用that的情况:a.先行词为指物的不定代词all,much,little,few,everything,something,anything,nothingb.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last
5、,only,very,all,no时c.先行词既有人,又有物时d.主句是who/which引导的特殊疑问句,而先行词又指人或物时。eg.1)IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有让我做的事吗?2)Heistheonlyonethatcanhelpusatthemoment.他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。3)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。4)WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSund
6、ay?我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台?3.修饰物只用which的情况:a.先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时b.先行词为that时eg.1)ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。2)What’sthatwhichyouareholdinginyourarms?你抱着的那个是什么?*三、定语从句可简化为短语1.定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语;定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。2.定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语,可简化为介词短语作定语。3.定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词
7、,可简化为不定式。eg.1)IboughtabookthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.=IboughtabookwrittenbyLuXun.2)Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingtherenottodothat.=Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottodothat.3)Thebookthatisonthetableismine.=Thebookonthetableismine.4)Wehavenothingthatweshouldfear.=Wehavenothingtofear.练习
8、一、用适当的关系代词填空1.Isittheveryhouse________youlivedintenyearsago?2.Thewoman_____