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1、2012年12月英语六级第一套深度阅读真题SectionBPassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Who'spoorinAmerica?That'saquestionhardtoanswer.Hardbecausethere'snoconclusivedefinitionofpoverty.Lowincomematters,thoughhowlowisunclear.Povertyisalsoastateofmindthatfostersself-defeatingbehavior-badworkhabits,fami
2、lybreakdowns,andaddictions.Finally,povertyresultsfrombadluck:accidents,joblosses,disability.Despitepoverty'smessiness,we'vemeasuredprogressagainstitbyasinglestatistic:thefederalpovertyline.Bythismeasure,wehaven'tmademuchprogress.Buttheapparentlackofprogressismisleadingfortworeasons.First,itignore
3、simmigration.Manyimmigrantsarepoorandlow-skilled.Theyaddtothepoor.From1989to2007,aboutthreequartersoftheincreaseinthepovertypopulationoccurredamongHispanics（西班牙裔美国人）-mostlyimmigrantsandtheirchildren.Second,thepoor'smaterialwell-beinghasimproved.Theofficialpovertymeasureobscuresthisbycountingonlyp
4、re-taxcashincomeandignoringothersourcesofsupport,includingfoodstampsandhousingsubsidies.Althoughmanypoorlivefromhandtomouth,they'veparticipatedinrisinglivingstandards.In2005,91%hadmicrowaves.79%air-conditioning,and48%cellphones.Theexistingpovertylinecouldbeimprovedbyaddingsomeincomesourcesandsubt
5、ractingsomeexpenses.Unfortunately,theadministration'sproposalfora"supplementalpovertymeasure"in2011goesbeyondthat.Thenewpovertynumberwouldcompoundpublicconfusion.Italsoraisesquestionsaboutwhetherthestatisticistailoredtofavorapoliticalagenda.The"supplementalmeasure"tiesthepovertythresholdtowhatthe
6、poorestthirdofAmericansspendonfood,housing,clothing,andutilities.Theactualthresholdwillprobablybehigherthantoday'spovertyline.ManyAmericanswouldfindthisweird:peoplegetricher,but"poverty"staysstuck..Whatproducesthisoutcomeisadifferentviewofpoverty.Thepresentconceptisanabsoluteone:thepovertythresho
7、ldreflectstheamountestimatedtomeetbasicneeds.Bycontrast,thenewmeasureembracesarelativenotionofpoverty:peopleareautomaticallypoorifthey'reagivendistancefromthetop,eveniftheirincomesareincreasing.Thenewindicatorisa"propa
