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1、LATE1800sUntilthemid-19thcentury,mostchairsweremadebyhand,butthenewindustrialistswereexperimentingwithmodernproductiontechniquestomanufacturehighqualityfurnitureswiftlyandcheaplyinlargequantities.AmongthemostsuccessfulwastheAustrianmanufacturerMichaelThonet,whopioneeredth
2、emass-productionofbentwoodfurniture.Bythelate1800s,hissimplystyledchairshadbecomethefirsttobeusedbybotharistocratsandfactoryworkers.ChairsinproductionattheThonetfactorySideChairNo.14,1870Production:Thonet,AustriaRegardedasthemostsuccessfulindustrialproductofthe19thcentury
3、,theThonetChairNo.14–nicknamedthe‘ConsumerChair’–oweditspopularitytocheapness,lightnessandstrength.ThonetstruggledforyearstoproduceaversionofNo.14whichwouldbesuitableformass-productionandsucceededin1859.Earlyversionsweregluedtogetherfromlaminatedwoodbut,by1861Thonetsuccee
4、dedinmakingthechairinsolidwoodwithscrews,notglue.Thonetcontinuedtoimprovethedesignand,by1867,theConsumerChaircouldbemadefromsixpiecesofbentwood,tenscrewsandtwowashers.By1870theConsumerChairwasThonet’scheapestmodelsellingfor3Austrianflorins.SideChairNo.14,1870Bent,solidand
5、laminatedbeech,wovencaneProduction:Thonet,AustriaRockingChairNo.1,1860Production:Thonet,AustriaThepopularityoftheArtsandCraftsmovementencouragedthemiddleandupperclassestoregardrockingchairsandotherrusticstylesoffurniturewithanewaffectionduringthelate1800s.Despiteitsindust
6、rialethos,ThonetdrewinspirationfromArtsandCraftsdesigninthestylingofitsproducts.Thecompanydevelopeditsfirstrockingchair,theRockingChairNo.1,in1860.Saleswereslowatfirst,butRockingChairNo.1andsubsequentrockerssteadilygainedpopularityandby1913,oneineverytwentychairssoldbyTho
7、netwasarockingchair.RockingChairNo.1Bent,solidandlaminatedbeech,wovencaneProduction:Thonet,AustriaDeskChairNo.9,c.1905Production:Thonet,AustriaDevelopedbyThonetasacomfortable,inexpensivedeskchair,theNo.9–orViennaChair–wentonsalein1902.Itattainediconicstatuswhenthearchitec
8、tLeCorbusierchoseittofurnishhisPaviliondel’EspritNouveau(thePavilionoftheNewSpirit)atthe1925Expo
