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1、Unit8ArchitecturePartIWarmingupA.Tapescript:Forhundredsofyears,ithasbeenanimperialcapitalofEurope.ItsrulersraidedtheWesternworldtoenrichthecoffersoftheempire.Theyspenttheirwealthonmagnificentpalacesandgrandpublicbuildings.TheybuiltanoperahousethatrivalsanyinEurope.Theyfou
2、ndedgreatmuseumsandlibraries.Theyconstructedmassive,ornategovernmentbuildings.Andtheyraisedopulentpalacesforthemselves.AtourofViennaisatourofthesemonumentstoexcess.TakeSchonbrunnPalace,forinstance.ThePalace'sMillionRoom,namedafterthecostofthedecorations--1millionguilders,
3、isaRococomasterpiece.Insetinthepanelingare260rareminiaturesofIndo-Persianheritage.Theframesarerealgoldleaf,andthepanelingispreciouswood.TheGreatGallery,modeledafteraroominVersaillesnearParis,has35-footceilingsgracedwithgiantfrescoes（壁画）boastingofthepoweroftheAustrianarmy.
4、Massivecrystalchandeliersreflectinthewallofmirrors,trimmedingoldleaf.ThelistofothersightstoseeinViennaislong.St.Stephen'sCathedraldominatestheskylineofOldTown,themedievalsectionofthecity.Itsmainspiresoars450feetintothesky,andthetopcanbereachedbyclimbing343steps.Thecathedr
5、al'wasbeguninthe12thcentury.Inthecatacombs（陵墓）beneaththecathedralarecopperurns（骨灰坛）containingtheintestinesofdeceasedHabsburgs.Theirbodiesareinornatecaskets（棺材）intheImperialBurialVaultsintheKapuzinerChurchafewblocksaway,andcanbevisited.TheOldTownisafascinatingplacetowalk.M
6、ostofthenarrowstreetshavebeenturnedintopedestrianmallslinedwithshops,coffeehousesandrestaurants.Inonesection,theoriginalRomanruinsunderthestreetscanbeseenbygoingtoanundergroundmuseum.TheNaturalHistoryMuseumandtheMuseumofFineArtsoccupymatchingbuildingsonMariaTheresaPlaza,a
7、smallsquareacrossfromtheHofburg.HofburgistheHabsburg’sin-townpalace.Itisbig,with2,600rooms,butnotornate.Hofburgisajumbleofbuildingsconstructedatdifferenttimesandindifferentstyles,fromBaroque,GothicandClassicaltoRenaissanceandRococo.Itsoldestpartsdatefromthe13thcentury,but
8、mostwerebuiltfromthe1700son.B1.ThePalaisduLouvre:Location:heartofParisBeginningyearofconstructio
