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1、AstudyofLeech'spolitenessprincipleinbusinessconversations1.Introduction1.1researchbackgroundInrecentyears,pragmaticshasasignificantdevelopment,especiallythebookof“Pragmatics”ofS.Levinsonpublishedin1983andthe“Pragmaticsstandard”ofLeech’s,whicharedrawnmanypeople’sat
2、tention.“Pragmatics”systematicallyevaluatedallkindsoftheoriesofpragmaticstillthen.“Pragmaticsstandard”setupthenewprinciplebasedontheoldtheory.ltisthePolitenesPrinciple.“PolitenessPrinciple”isn’tsetupbyLeech.Beforehim,alotoflinguistsandsociologistspayattentiontothe
3、politenessphenomenoninusinglanguage.Forexample,avarietyoflanguageshaveaproperappellationinChinese,suchas“youandyou”.Intheearlyfifty’s,E.Gomnanputforwardthe“face”problemfromthesociologyangel.Hesaid,inthecommunicationprocess,intheeveryhoursandmoments,peopleareinvolv
4、edinthe“face”problem.“Face”isoneofthestandardsofthepeople’sbehavior,isinvolvedinthepeople’sbehavior.Ontheonehand,people’sbehaviorisrestrainedbytheface.Ontheotherhand,weexpectthattheothersshouldpaymoreattentiontoourface.“Face”isthepersonalsacredandprivateproperty,i
5、sthebackboneofthesenseofsecurityandhappiness.Ifwedon’tprotecttheface,weshouldberegardedas“thick-skinned”.Ifwedon’tprotecttheother’sface,itshouldberegardedascallous.Goffmansaid:facework,isworkingwitheachother.Lostornotlostthefaceisjustinthehandofus.Ifwedon’twanttol
6、osetheface,themostinsurancewayisnothurttheotherpeople’sface.Asaresult,intheconversation,asusualwebelittleyou,riseuptheothers.Ifpeopleraiseupthemselves,belittletheothers,socialinteractionwillbemagic.Thebookofthe“Universallanguage”iswrittenbyP.BrownandS.Levinsonin19
7、78.Thepolitenessphenomenonisanarticlequotedbymanypeople.TheyinvestigatedthepolitenessphenomenoninEnglishandindigenouslanguageofMexicoandanativelanguageinthesouthofIndia.Theyfoundthatinthethreeunrelatedcultures,thepolitenessphenomenonisverysimilarinusinglanguage.Th
8、eythought,thepolitenessphenomenoninusinglanguageisnotbyaccident,butacommonphenomenon.Theyusetheconceptionof“Face”ofGoffman.Theythinkpeoplehavetwokindsof
