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1、BriefIntroductionofMasculinityandFemininity081041107李雨亭Masculinityfocusesonthedegreeofsocietyreinforces,ordoesnotreinforece,thetraditionalmasculineworkrolemodelofmaleacheivement,control,andpower.Inhighmasculinitycultures,maledominateasignificantportionofthesocietyandpowerstructure,with
2、femalesbeingcontrolledbymaledomination.Whileacountryoflowmasculinityculturehasalowlevelofdifferentiationanddiscriminationbetweengenders.Intheseculture,femalesaretreatedequallyasmalesinallaspectsofthesociety.MasculineCultureInhighmasculinitysocieties,peopletendtobelievethatmattersofcomf
3、ort,socialprivilege,accesstopowerandinfluence,statusandprestige,andabilitytoconsumearerelatedtoabilityandthatwithenoughopportunityanyindividualwhowantsthesebenefitsofsocietycanhavethem.Highmasculinitysocietiestendtorewardfinancialandmaterialachievementswithpreferentialsocialprestigeand
4、status,andtoattributestrongcharacterandspiritualvaluestosuchhighachievers.CharacteristicsofMasculinityCultureInsocietieslabeledmasculine,suchasJapan,Austria,Mexico,andArgentina,menareexpectedtoholdtheprimaryjobsandwomenareexpectedtoremainathomeandraisefamilies.1,Thereisahighoccupationa
5、lsegregationbygender.2,Genderinequalityiscommon.3,Careersformalesaremandatory.4,Fewwomenareinpowerfuljobs.5,Acomplishmentsarehighlyvalued.CharacteristicsofMasculinityCulture6,Highlevelofjob-relatedstress.7,Peoplearehighlycompletive.8,peoplearetask-oriented.9,Theartofcombatisvalued.10,T
6、hebigger,thebetter.11,Familyandworklifeareseparated.12,Onelivestowork.Inmasculineculture,powermeanstherighttomakeothersdowhatyouwantthemtodo.Mausculinepeopleliketoshowoffbybeingthebiggest,best,andfastest.FeminineCultureInfemininesocieties,menandwomenareconsideredsociallyequal.Homosexua
7、lityisnotathreat.Loveandtendernessareformenandwomenalike.Intimaterelationshipswithoutsexareallowed.Childrenneedlove,andparentsspendmuchtimewiththem.So-calledfeminineincludealltheScandinaviancountries,Portugal,SpainandseveralPan-Americannations.Inthesecountries,womenaremoreprominentin
