维多利亚时代2.ppt

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1、VictorianAge——TheCriticalRealismSocialandPoliticalChangesfrom1832(thepassageoftheReformBill)—1902(theendofBoerWar)(c.f.Victorianreignfrom1837—1901)1834,thepassageofthePoorLaw1836,Chartism1837,thePeople’sCharter(thefirstgreatpoliticalmovementoftheproletariatinEng

2、lishhistory,butdeclinedinthelateforties)SixReformsintheCharterUniversalmanhoodsuffrageAnewparliamentelectedeveryyearEverymalecitizenshouldbeeligibletobeamemberofparliamentVotebyballotAmemberofparliamentshouldbepaidAnentirecountrybedividedintoequalelectoraldistri

3、ctsVictorianAgeAtfirstthegreatsocialchangesbroughtyearsofmiseryanddisorder,butbythemiddleofthecenturyEnglandwasafloatuponatideofprosperity.Therefore:-atimeforcommerceandthegreatempire-atimeforeducationVictorianAgeveryhighmoraltoneinsociety:duty,education,usefuln

4、ess,andreligiouslife;strongsenseofHedonism(享乐主义）TheEconomyandSocialClassatransitionfromnotionsofEconomicManasproducertoaviewofEconomicManasconsumerthedivisionoflaborreflectsmajorsocialdivisionsofrace,gender,andethnicity,andinternationallyreflectsrelationsofdomin

5、ationandsubordinationbetweennations.Thisiscrucialinestablishingindividualandcollectiveidentities.VictorianAge-thegoldenageofthenovelthegrowthofpopulareducation&literacythepassageofthe1870EducationAct&theconstructionofhundredsofBoardschoolsthegrowthoflibrariesth

6、eemergenceofnumerousmagazinesagreatnumberofnovelistsVictorianAge-thegoldenageofthenovelindustrializationmadealiterateworkforcenecessaryIndoorreadingwasfacilitatedbytherepeal（废除）oftheglasstaxin1845andtheendofthewindowtaxin1851VictorianPublishingWorldSelectCircul

7、atingLibrary(CharlesEdwardMudie),“triple-decker”or“three-decker”（三卷本长篇小说）monthlyseriesofsportingplates(版）,serializationinmagazines,reprintseriestechnologicaldevelopmentsmadetheproliferation（激增）andcheapeningofbothnovelsandperiodicalspossibleVictorianPublishingWor

8、ldThreeinnovationsinthelateVictorianperiodicalmarket:-anewbreedofhigh-qualitymonthlymiscellany(文学杂汇)-anewtypeofpennyweekly-theincreaseinnewspaperpublicationofbothseri