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1、1.InwhatwaysdidgeographyinfluencethehistoricaldevelopmentofcivilizationsinMesopotamiaandEgypt?(1)Mesopotamia:Firstly,theTigrisandEuphratescreatemanysmallplainsandlowlands,althoughtothenorthofMesopotamialaysthemountainousIranianplateauandtoitssouththeSyriande
2、sert,thankstotherivers,Mesopotamiaishotbuthumidandfertile,itisgoodforpeopletolivein.Secondly,everyyearinlatespringorearlysummer,snowmeltedanditcausedthefloodingoftherivers,thenrichsoildownfromthemountaintotheplain,therichsoilandhumidclimateprovidedawonderful
3、environmentforearlyagriculture,so,thisalsodowelltothecivilizationdevelopmentinMesopotamia.Thirdly,theannualfloodsbetweenAprilandJunewereirregularandthetremendousheatwouldcauserapidevaporationoftheriverwater,thesemakefarmingimpossible.Inordertosolvebothproble
4、m,peopleinMesopotamiabuiltirrigationsystems.Assystematicagriculturebegantoprovideaconsistentfoodsurplus,populationsgrewandsmallvillagesdevelopedintolargertownandcities.Morecomplexsocialstructuresappearedinthesetownandcities.Thefirsthumancivilizationwasborn.(
5、2)Egypt:ThehistoricaldevelopmentofcivilizationinEgyptwasstronglyinfluencedbythegeography.Firstly,Egyptiscalledas“thegiftoftheNile”.TheNilewasthelifelineoftheancientEgyptiancivilization.Insomeway,allEgyptiansdependedontheNileforwater,foodandtransportation.And
6、theNilehelpedtheancientEgyptianswasintrade.Secondly,Egypt’suniquenaturalenvironmentplayedanimportantroleinitspeaceandstabilityinitspoliticalhistory.TheNile’sregularfloodingmadepeoplecanproduceenoughfoodwhichprovidedtheeconomicbasicforinternalstability.TheNil
7、e’svalley,surroundedbydesertsandseas,theSaharadesert,theMediterraneanandtheRedsea,allservedasexcellentnaturaldefenses.AllthisensuredgreatcontinuityinEgyptiancivilization.2.WhatwerethesimilaritiesanddifferencesinthereligiousbeliefoftheSumerians,Egyptians,andH
8、ebrews?Similarities:IjustfoundageneralsimilarityinthereligiousbeliefamongSumerians,Egyptians,andHebrews,thatis,theyallbelievedingodorgods.What’smore,theyalsobelievedthatgodorgodscreatedandgovern
