化合物英文命名规则.doc

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1、NomenclatureofInorganicCompounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.TrivialNames俗名H2Owater不说dihydrogenoxideNH3ammonia不说nitrogentrihydrideCaOquicklimeCaCO3limestone2.SystematicNomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzincoxideCaOcalciumoxideCOcarbonoxideNa2O2so

2、diumperoxideH2O2hydrogenperoxide注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2bariumhydroxideKOHpotassiumhydroxide3)Acid酸Hydroacid氢酸Generalformula通式:HnX命名：hydro-+stemofX+-icacidH2Shydrosulfuricacid(英)hydrosulphuric(美)氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美)HBr氢溴酸hydrobromicacidB

3、r:bromineHCl氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloricacidCl:chlorineHF氢氟酸hydrofluoricacidF:fluorineOxoacidorOxyacid含氧酸Generalformula通式:HnXOm命名：StemofX+-icacid注：oxo-(oxy-)含氧,氧代H2SO4sulfuricacid(英)sulphuricacid(美)H2CO3carbonicacidH3PO4phosphoricacidP:phosphorusH3BO3boricacidB:boronHNO

4、3nitricacidN:nitrogenIfXhastwooxidationstates：-ic：thehigheroxidationstate-ous：theloweroxidationstateH2SO4sulfuricacidH2SO3sulfurousacid1/5HNO3nitricacidHNO2nitrousacidIfX(suchashalogens)hasmorethantwooxidationstates：halogen卤素per-(过，高)+-ic：thestillhigheroxidatio

5、nstatehypo-(次,在„下)+-ous：thestillloweroxidationstateHClO3chloricacidHClO2chlorousacidHClO4perchloricacidHClOhypochlorousacidHIOhypoiodousacid4)Salt盐Generalformula通式:MnXm命名：NameofMstemofX+-ide（-ide„化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKIpotassiumiodideAl2S3aluminumsu

6、lfideLiHlithiumhydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐NamethemetalionfirstandthentheanionNaminganions:-ateanionsderivedfromthe-icacid(thehigheroxidationstateofX)-iteanionsderivedfromthe-ousacid(theloweroxidationstateofX)HNO3nitricacidNaNO3sodiumnitrateHNO2nitrousacidNaNO2sodiumnitr

7、iteSO42-sulfateSO32-sulfiteAgClO4silverperchlorateNaIO3sodiumiodateKClO2potassiumchloriteKBrOpotassiumhypobromiteMnO42-manganateMnO4-permanganateAcidsalt酸式盐Using“hydrogen”tospecify“H”NaHSO4sodiumhydrogensulfateNaH2PO4sodiumdihydrogenphosphateNa2HPO4disodiumhydr

8、ogenphosphateP:phosphorusphosphate磷酸盐(根)Usingprefixbi-+nameofanionifonlyoneacidsaltexistsNaHSO4sodiumbisulfateNaHSO3sodiumbisulfiteKHCO3potassiumbicarbonate5)Metals（M）withmo