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1、TextualPatternsinSummaryWriting概要写作篇章模式1.概括-具体模式概要陈述（概括/整体）----具体陈述（举例/细节论证）2.问题-情景（呈现现象）--问题（提出问题）--反应（解决问题的方法）--评价/结果3.主张-反应模式情景（呈现现象）--回答（对问题的答案）--4.提问-回答模式提问（用提问方式表达问题）--回答（对问题的答案）3.主张-反应模式情景（呈现现象）--回答（对问题的答案）--反应（作者提出支持或反驳，给出相应的理由）Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,
2、authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,when
3、giveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tca
4、reand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.
5、“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballp
6、layeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegiv
7、enonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.主张-反应模式现象2：表扬太少甚至不表扬会使孩子自信受损提出观点：表扬时要注重质量而非数量现象1:家长表扬过多或太假使孩子畏首畏尾建议：实事求是地表扬孩子的努力，即使他并不是最优秀的Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We
8、'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecades
