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1、1.000139ÎĿƶÎ×Ó£ºÒÕÊõÀàÒôÀÖItmayseemstrangethatwe'rediscussingmusicfromaBroadwayproductioninthisclass,"TheLionKing"especially,sinceit'sbasedonapopularHollywoodmovie.ImeanmusicpreformedforBroadwaytheaterintheheartofNewYorkcitysurelywouldseemtobeinthewesterntraditionofpopularmusicandnotha
2、vemuchincommonwiththemusicwehavebeenstudyinginthiscourse,suchasgamelanmusicofIndonesia,orZuluchantsofSouthAfrica,musicthatdevelopedoutsidethewesterntraditionofEuropeandAmerica.Butinfact,musicianshavealong-standingtraditionofborrowingfrontoneanother'scultures.Andthisproduction'sdirectorin
3、tentionallyincludedbothwesternandnon-westernmusic.Thatway,someoftherhythms,instrument,andharmoniestypicalofnon-westernmusiccontrastwithandcomplementpopularmusicmorefamiliartoaudiencesinNorthAmericaandEurope,musiclikerock,jazzorBroadwaystyleshowtunes.SoIwanttospendtherestofthisclassandmos
4、tofthenextoneonthemusicfromtheshow"TheLionKing"asawayofsummarizingsomeofthetechnicaldistinctionsbetweentypicalwesternmusicandthenon-westernmusicthatwe'vebeenstudying.NowtheAfricaninfluenceonthemusicisclear.ThestorytakesplaceinAfrica.SothedirectorgotaSouthAfricancomposertowritesongswithad
5、istinctlyAfricansound.AndthesongsevenincludewordsfromAfricanlanguages.Butwe'llgetbacktotheAfricaninfluencelater.Firstlet'sturntothemusicthatwaswrittenfortheshadowpuppetscenesin"TheLionKing",musicbasedontheIndonesianmusicusedintheshadowpuppettheaterofthatregion2.000143Àí¿Æ¶Î×Ó£ºÌìÎÄѧInan
6、cienttimes,manypeoplebelievedtheearthwasaflatdisc.Wellover2,000yearsago;theancientGreekphilosopherswereabletoputforwardtwogoodargumentsprovingthatitwasnot.Directobservationsofheavenlybodieswerethebasisofboththesearguments.First,theGreeksknewthatduringeclipsesofthemoontheearthwasbetweenth
7、esunandthemoon,andtheysawthatduringtheseeclipses,theearth'sshadowonthemoonwasalwaysround,theyrealizedthatthiscouldbetrueonlyiftheearthwasspherical,Ittheearthwasaflatdisc,thenitsshadowduringeclipseswouldnotbeaprefectcircle;itwouldbestretchedoutintoalongellipse.Thesecondarg
