欧洲中世纪英文版(The-middle-age)课件.ppt

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1、MiddleAgesGeneralIntroductionPoliticalandReligionaspectsCultureandArtaspectsPeople’slifeintheMiddleAgesdatedfrom:ThefalloftheWesternRomanEmpireTheBritishbourgeoisrevolutionbrokeoutIn476AD-1453ADTIMEAgeofFaith⑴Nocentralgovernmenttokeeptheorder.⑵TheChristianitycontinuedtogainwidespreadpowerandinfl

2、uence.⑶IntheLateMiddleAges,almosteveryoneinwesternEuropewasaChristianandamemberofChristianchurch.Christianitytooktheleadinpolitics,law,art,andlearningforhundredsofyears.MiddleAgesisalsocalled“DarkAges”,becauseafterUncivilizedGermanicsconqueredtheRome,theymadebothpeople’slivingstandardandspiritua

3、lstandarddroptoaverylowpoint.That’sakindof“countermarchofcivilizationDarkAgesPoliticalandReligionFeudalism1.TheManor(封建领主的）领地、庄园2.Knighthood(骑兵身份)andcodeofChivalry(骑兵制度)ReligionTheorganizationofchurch2.ThepowerandinfluenceoftheCatholicChurch1.TheManorThecentreofmedievallifeunderfeudalismwasthema

4、nor.Manorswerefoundedonthefiefs（封地）ofthelord（领主）.Somelordsownedonlyonemanor;othersownedmany.Theylivedinmanorhouses.Themanorhouseoriginallyconsistedofbigroomswithahighceilingandastraw-coveredfloor.By12thcentury,manorhousesweremadeofstoneanddesignedasfortresses(堡垒)。Theycametobecalledcastles.Mediev

5、alEuropewasdottedwithcastles.2.KnighthoodandcodeofChivalryAlmostallnoblesintheMedievaldayswereknightsCodeofChivalry:Asaknight,hewaspledgedtoprotecttheweak,tofightforthechurch,tobeloyaltohislordandrespectwomanofnoblebirth.Pope(supremehead教皇)Archbishops（province大教主）Bishops（diocese主教）Priests（parish

6、牧师TheorganizationofchurchThePowerandInfluenceoftheCatholicChurchUnderfeudalism,peopleofwesternEuropeweremainlydividedintothreeclasses:clergy,lordsandpeasants.TheMedievalChurchwasthecentreofdailylifeinthecountryandtownalike,andithadapartinallimportantevents.THEARTANDECONOMYINMIDDLEAGESTHEARTINMID

7、DLEAGETheartofmiddleageisbasedonreligiontoshowtheconceptoffeelingsandideas.ByzantineartRomannesqueartGothicartTHEECONOMYINMIDDLEAGENatureeconomyTheeconomicreligion:MediterraneanseaPEOPLE’SLIFEINTHEMIDDLEAGELowlivingcondition