中考定语从句知识总结(全面).docx

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1、定语从句考点总结1.概念修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句教定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后面。用通俗的说法讲就是：用一个句子说明主句中某个名/代词的特征。因此定语从句一定有一个先行词。2.先行词Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.ThecoatthatIputonthedeskisblue.Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwaswonderful.

2、ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.3.关系词关系词用于引导定语从句，在从句中一个成分。（讲解每个词的含义who/whom/whose/which/that）(1)关系代词：who/whom/whose/which/that在从句中做主语、宾语、定语含义：that可以指人也可以指物Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.Which用于指物Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.Wh

3、ich和whom用于指人，who是主语，whom是宾语。ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.ThatistheteacherwhomLiMingistalkingto.Whose可以指人也可以指物（指物的时候只表示所有格）表达“……的”意思Theyliveinaroomwhosewindowopenstothesouth.Thewomanwhosehairislongismymother.Thebookwhosecoverisgreenismine.①做主语关系代词在定语从句中作主

4、语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.(that在句中作主语)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheforeignerwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.②作宾语关系代词在从句中当宾语，口语中可省略。Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.Thefish(which)weboughtwasn

5、otfresh.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(不可省略)（讲介词宾语，例子见最后）③作定语Whose在定语从句中做定语。MissBrownistheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastnight.ThisistheboywhosemotherisourChineseteacher.关系代词whose在从句中与它所有修饰的词一起做几次宾语的时候可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。ThebossinwhosecompanyMr.Kangworkedcalledatthehospita

6、l.④that和which区别That指物时一般可以与which互换。（例子见真题）只能用that的情况A.先行词为序数词或形容词最高级It’sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.B.先行词为不定代词（allanything）ThatisallthatIwanttoknow.Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttotellme?A.先行词由不定代词修饰Hementionedallthebooksthatwerelaidonthet

7、able.B.先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast修饰ItistheverydictionarythatIneed.ThisistheonlypenthatIhave.C.先行词既有人又有物Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.只能用which的情况：A.介词后面Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.Thetalltreebehindwhichliesabigstoneisstillthere.B.非限制性定语从句中Ihave

8、abook,whichisveryinteresting.Iwaslateforschoolagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.(1)关系