流体力学专业词汇.doc

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1、水力学、河流动力学、流体力学专业词汇FundamentalGlossaryinHydraulicsHydrostatics水静力学Hydrodynamics水动力学Physicalpropertiesofwater水的物理性质Density密度specificgravity比重Kinematicviscosity运动粘性absoluteviscosity动力粘性Elasticmodulus弹性模量surfacetension表面张力Temperature温度isotropic(y)各向同性Anisotropic(y)各

2、向异性uniform(ity)均匀(性)Heterogeneous(ity)不均匀(性)Mainforce主要作用力Gravity重力inertiaforce惯性力pressure压力(强)drag阻力Massforce质量力surfaceforce表面力Constitutiverelationship本构关系Stress应力strain应变deformation变形displacement位移normal法向tangent切向shear剪力acceleration加速度Angulardeformation角变形Loc

3、alacceleration当地加速度convectiveacceleration迁移加速度compressibility压缩性continuity连续性Scalar纯量vector矢量tensor张量magnitude模(大小)direction方向Divergence散度curl旋度gradient梯度Source源sink汇Frequency频率amplitude振幅phase相位resonance共振Massconservation质量守恒momentumconservation动量守恒energyconser

4、vation能量守恒Initialcondition初始条件boundarycondition边界条件Ordinaldifferentialequation常微分方程partialdifferentialequation偏微分方程Convection,advection对流diffusion扩散dispersion弥散decay衰减degradation降解Flowpattern流态flowtype流型Laminarflow层流turbulentflow紊流Supercriticalflow急流subcriticalf

5、low缓流criticalflow临界流Rapidlyvariedflow急变流graduallyvariedflow渐变流Uniformflow均匀流non-uniformflow非均匀流Mainstreamflow主流wakeflow尾流Steadyflow恒定流unsteadyflow非恒定流One-dimensionalflow一维流two-dimensionalflow二维流three-dimensionalflow三维流Single-phaseflow单相流double-phaseflow两相流multi-

6、phaseflow多相流Irrotationalflow无旋流potentialflow势流rotationalflow有旋流Openchannelflow明渠流freesurfaceflow自由表面流(明渠流)Pipeflow管流pressureflow有压流Jet射流plume卷流(羽流)crossflow横流Stagnationpoint驻点separationpoint分离点Coherentstructure相干结构bursting猝发turbulentintensity紊动强度Boundarylayer边界层

7、viscoussub-layer粘性底层displacementthickness排挤厚度mixinglength混掺长度Flowfield,currentfield流场flownet流网Submergeddischarge淹没出流unsubmergeddischarge非淹没出流Renoldsnumber雷诺数Froudenumber佛汝德数Prandtlnumber普朗特数Courantnumber柯朗数Peclet彼克雷特数dimensionlessnumber无量纲数Streamline流线pathline迹线

8、Vortexline涡线vortexring涡环vortexstreet涡街Flux通量circulation环量vorticity涡度Waterlevel,waterstage水位discharge,flow-rate,flow流量Waterdepth水深velocity流速Roughness糙率watersurfaceprof