英国政党英文课件.ppt

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1、PoliticalpartiesinBritainIntroductionPoliticalpartieshavealonghistoryinBritain.butmodernpoliticalpartieshavetheiroriginsinthewaveofelactoralreform,startingin1832.Beforethe1830s,theWhigsandtheToriesexistednotaspoliticalpartiesbutmerelyasgroupsoflike-mindedindividualswithinParlimentboun

2、dedbyideas,friendshipsandfamilyties.withelectoralreform,however,cameaneedtoorganize-tomobilizetoexpendingtheelectorateinsupportofone'sparty.Certainly,bythetime,theLaborpartywasformedatthestartofthe20thcentury,politicalpartieswereorganizationsthatwouldbemorefamiliartoanyonestudyingthei

3、rmoderncounterparts.IntroductionBritishPoliticalPartiesThreeMajorPartiesinBritainToday:theConservativeParty(in1833)theLabourParty(in1900)theSocialandLiberalDemocrats(since1988)Thefirsttwopartieshavebeeninpowerbyturnssince1945)theConservativeParty(alsoknownastheConservativeandUnionistP

4、arty)A.theoriginofitsnameDuetothereligiousdifferenceofopinion,thenon-PuritanAnglicanswerethesupportsoftheKingandtheChurch.Theywerecalled“Tories”bytheiropponents,atermofabuseusedtodescribethedispossessedIrishoutlawswhoplunderedandkilledEnglishsettlers,butgraduallybegantostandforLoyalis

5、ts(orCavaliers)whosepoliticalinstrumentwasthekingandwhosestrengthwasdrawnfromtheconservativelandowningclass.ItsnamewaschangedfromTorytoConservativein1833.B.thenatureoftheConservativePartyItisthepartyoftherightbecausetheConservativesareopposedtogreatchangesinsocietyandhaveabeliefinpriv

6、ateenterpriseandfreedomfromstatecontrol.C.thefeaturesoftheConservativePartyrelativelyrichandprivilegedmaintenanceoftheexistinginstitutionsasitspolicylastwordindecidingpolicybyitsleaderconferencefortheleaders’guidancebutadeviceformakingtheparty’spolicyBigNamesWinstonChurchillPM1940-194

7、5&1951-1955MargretThatcherPM1979-1990DavidCameronPM2010-presentWhig-ToryManifesto1.EuroskepticismEuropeanUnionOpposedtoassimilationtoa“Euroculture”.EUregulationsthataretooextensiveencroachonBritishsovereigntyandindividualityasanation.However,Conservativesfavoramoreinclusive–yetlesspow

8、erful