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1、考研英语语法系列讲座2………hispushforCongresstorepealthe“don’task,don’ttell”lawbarringthemilitaryfromallowinggaypeopletoserveopenly非谓语动词(非谓语动词)英语中动词的非谓语动词有三类:1.不定式:Infinitive2.动名词:Gerund3.分词:Participle现在分词:Presentparticiple过去分词:Pastparticiple1.不定式:FormUsageOmissionof“to”todo(nottod
2、o)一般式(否定)tobedoing进行式主动tohavedone完成式tobedone一般式被动tohavebeendone完成式一般式----进行式----完成式1.I’mgladtoseeyou.2.Theyinvitedustocometoaparty.3.Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeovertheriver.4.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspapertohavebeenrobbedinbroaddaylightyesterday.一般式:不定式表示
3、的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,或者在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。﹡进行式:谓语动词表示的动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行。完成式:不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前(同时发生)(之后发生)(正在进行)(谓语动词之前)用法1subject(主语)2object(宾语)3predicative(表语)4attribute(定语)5adverbial(状语)6complement(补足语)1.不定式作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinish
4、thejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither.当不定式作主语时,习惯上用作it形式主语,而将动词不定式后置,构成固定句型。It’s+adj+todosth.(A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,--for/ofsbtodosth)不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导:absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,
5、good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,lazy,wicked,wrong如:Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersontostayhealthy.It’scleverofyoutohaveinventedsuchadevice.2.不定式作宾语Helovedtolistentomusic.IfinditdifficulttospeakEng
6、lishfluently.Shedoesn’tknowwhattodo.(O.ofv.)Hehadnoideaofwhattodo.(O.ofprep.)下列动词要求不定式作宾语:afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,care,choose,decide,desire,demand,determine,help,hope,intend,learn,manage,mean,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,strive,tend,wish,…不定式一般不能作介词的宾语
7、,只有在极少介词如:but,except等后才行,此时不定式可带to或不带tocannothelpbutdo(不得不),cannotbutdo,cannotchoosebutdo,candonothingbutdo,havenochoice/alternativebuttodo(只得)3.不定式作表语Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语的内容或性质Heistomarr
8、yRose.表按计划要做的事情.Thegoalofscienceis_____________whythingshappen.(explain)Notes:当主语是aim,goal,hope,purpose,plan,w