经济学十大原理解析课件.ppt

《经济学十大原理解析课件.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、PowerPoint®LecturePresentationtoaccompanyPrinciplesofEconomics,ThirdEditionN.GregoryMankiwPreparedbyMarkP.Karscig,CentralMissouriStateUniversity.1INTRODUCTION1TenPrinciplesofEconomicsEconomy......ThewordeconomycomesfromaGreekwordfor“onewhomanagesahousehold.”TENPRINCIPL

2、ESOFECONOMICSAhouseholdandaneconomyfacemanydecisions:Whowillwork?Whatgoodsandhowmanyofthemshouldbeproduced?Whatresourcesshouldbeusedinproduction?Atwhatpriceshouldthegoodsbesold?TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSSocietyandScarceResources:Themanagementofsociety’sresourcesisimport

3、antbecauseresourcesarescarce.Scarcity...meansthatsocietyhaslimitedresourcesandthereforecannotproduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSEconomicsisthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSHowpeoplemakedecisions.Pe

4、oplefacetradeoffs.Thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit.Rationalpeoplethinkatthemargin.Peoplerespondtoincentives.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSHowpeopleinteractwitheachother.Tradecanmakeeveryonebetteroff.Marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivity.Governmentscanso

5、metimesimproveeconomicoutcomes.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSTheforcesandtrendsthataffecthowtheeconomyasawholeworks.Thestandardoflivingdependsonacountry’sproduction.Pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney.Societyfacesashort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemployment.Pr

6、inciple#1:PeopleFaceTradeoffs.“Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch!”Makingdecisionsrequirestradingoffonegoalagainstanother.Principle#1:PeopleFaceTradeoffs.Togetonething,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthing.Gunsv.butterFoodv.clothingLeisuretimev.workEfficiencyv.equityPrinciple

7、#1:PeopleFaceTradeoffsEfficiencyv.EquityEfficiencymeanssocietygetsthemostthatitcanfromitsscarceresources.Equitymeansthebenefitsofthoseresourcesaredistributedfairlyamongthemembersofsociety.Principle#2:TheCostofSomethingIsWhatYouGiveUptoGetIt.Decisionsrequirecomparingcos

8、tsandbenefitsofalternatives.Whethertogotocollegeortowork?Whethertostudyorgooutonadate?Whethertogotoclassorsleepin?The