比较基因组学与分子进化课件.ppt

《比较基因组学与分子进化课件.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、比较基因组学与分子进化Comparativegenomicsandmolecularevolution11/3/2019比较基因组学与分子进化在生命科学研究中应用及贡献1.模式生物测序的意义模式生物DNA测序技术2.新学科的快速诞生3.推动物种起源和生物进化发展4.研究思路和方法突破GeneticsVSReversegeneticsBreakthroughandmilestoneforgenomiceraNewfieldsofbiologyopenupGeneticsVSReversegeneticsCaseanalysisinmodelo

2、rganismKeyPointofUnderstandingDevelopmentWhatGenesinvolvedinagivendevelopmentprocessHowthosegenes(andproteins)workatcellular/molecularlevelHowthosegenes(andproteins)activitiesareregulatedHowtoidentifyGenescriticalinagivendevelopmentprocess1.Genetics:Whatwrongwithamutantla

3、ckingafunctionalgenetellsthenormalroleofthegene.Startwithmutants,thenthegene&howitworks2.Reversegenetics:Startingwithageneofknownidentity,modifyingitsexpressionoractivitytorevealitsdevelopmentfunctionFourmodelorganismsArabidopsisMouseDrosophilaC.elegansDrosophilamutantaffe

4、ctsWINGdevelopmentNormal(wildtype,WT)MutantArabidopsisseedlingdevelopmentWildtypeMutantWildtypeIndarknessInthelightWhyReversegenetics(Fromgenetophenotype/function)1.Manyundefinedgenesaresequencedduetotheadvancementofsequencetechnology2.Cancontrolwhere,when,andhowmuchanacti

5、vegeneproducttobemade3.Easytodesignspecificmutationsintothegeneproduct4.AddTAGstoageneproducttosimplifyitsstudywithinthecell5.CreatemutationongenethathasnoavailablemutationornotfeasibletohaveWhyReversegenetics:Fromgenetophenotype/function1.Manyunknowngenesaresequenceddueto

6、theadvancementofsequencetechnology2.Cancontrolwhere,when,andhowmuchanactivegeneproducttobemade3.Easytodesignspecificmutationsintothegeneproduct4.AddTAGstoageneproducttosimplifyitsstudywithinthecell5.Createmutationongenethathasnoavailablemutation3commonwaystocontrolwhere,wh

7、en,andhowmuchanactivegeneproductinacell2.GeneSilencingorAntisenseapproachtocontrolthelevelofmRNAofagivengene3.ExpressionofdesirableDominantAffectingMutantform1.Utilizationofdesirableregulatorysequencetodrivetheexpressionofyourgeneproductproteincodingregion5’controlregion3’

8、controlregion基因结构(DNA)外显子内含子启动子25-30bpA-TC-GtttcagATCGTTAGgt正确剪接位点5‘3‘2-5kbattcagGATATTTC