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1、4.Aestheticism//theAestheticMovement//thefindesiècleaestheticism:itwasaEuropeanphenomenonduringthelatter19thcenturythathaditschiefheadquartersinFrance.Inoppositiontothedominanceofscientificthinkingandwidespreadindifferenceofthemiddle-classsocietytoart,theadvocatesofthemovementdev
2、elopedtheviewthataworkofartisthesupremevaluebecauseitisself-sufficientandhasnouseormoralaimoutsideitsownbeing.Theendofaworkofartissimplytoexistinitsformalperfection.ArallyingcryofAestheticismis“artforart’ssake”TheviewslaterwereintroducedtoVictorianEnglandandAlgernonCharlesSwinbur
3、ne,OscarWildebecameitsmajorrepresentatives.(唯美主义运动,19世纪末的唯美主义运动)6.Metaphysicalpoetry:itreferstothepoetrywrittenbyagroupof17thcenturypoetsrepresentedbyJohnDonne,AndrewMarvellandGeorgeHerbertetc.Theyemployparadox,punandstartlingparallelsinsimileandmetaphortowritepoetrywiththebasicf
4、eaturesof“wit”or“conceit”.Asubtleandoftendeliberatelyoutrageouslogicisinvolvedtorendertheformofaheatedargumentorameditativeprocessthroughoutthepoem.MetaphysicalpoetryissharplyopposedtotheElizabethanpoetrytraditionandhasbeendrasticallyelevatedtoahighhierarchyofEnglishpoetryafterWo
5、rldWarI.（玄学派诗歌）7.Gothicnovel:itisatypeofprosefictionwiththemedievalsettinginitsbarbaricandsupernaturalaspects.Thetermisnowgenerallyappliedtoliteraturedealingwiththestrange,mysteriousandsupernaturaldesignedtoinvokesuspenseandterrorinthereader.Gothicnovelinvariablyexploitsghostsand
6、monstersandsettingssuchascastles,dungeons,andgraveyards,whichimpartasuitablysinisterandterrifyingatmosphere.（哥特式小说）8.EnglishRomanticism:itisaliterarypoeticmovementstartingfromthepublicationofLyricalBalladsin1798throughthefirstthreedecadesofthenineteenthcentury.Itfavorsinnovationo
7、vertraditionalisminthematerials,formsandstyleofliterature,emphasizingpoet’sownspontaneousfeelingsastheinherentorganiclawsofpoetry.Also,theexternalnature---thelandscape,togetherwithitsfloraandfauna,becomesapersistentsubjectofromanticpoetry.ThemajorpoetsinthismovementincludeWordswo
8、rth,Coleridge,Byron,ShelleyandKeats.（英国浪
