信息不对称的市场课件.ppt

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1、第17章信息不对称的市场1Chapter1本章要讨论的问题质量不确定性与柠檬市场市场信号道德风险委托代理问题2Chapter1本章要讨论的问题一体化企业的管理激励问题劳动力市场的信息不对称:效率工资理论3Chapter1引言我们将研究不完全信息对资源配置和价格机制所产生的影响。4Chapter1质量不确定与柠檬市场在购买一辆二手车时，由于信息不完全，将增加购买的风险并降低消费者的效用；5Chapter1二手车市场假定买卖双方都能鉴别高质量和低质量的车；将会出现两个市场；质量不确定与柠檬市场6Chapter1柠檬问题PHPLQHQLSHSLDHDL5,00050,00050,000买

2、卖双方能鉴别车的质量时，将出现高质量和低质量两个市场10,000DLDMDM75,00025,000由于信息不对称，消费者无法确定车的质量，他们将降低对二手车质量的期望。DemandforlowandhighqualityusedcarsshiftstoDM.DLMDLMTheincreaseinQLreducesexpectationsanddemandtoDLM.Theadjustmentprocesscontinuesuntildemand=DL.7Chapter1TheMarketforUsedCarsWithasymmetricinformation:Lowquality

3、goodsdrivehighqualitygoodsoutofthemarket.Themarkethasfailedtoproducemutuallybeneficialtrade.Toomanylowandtoofewhighqualitycarsareonthemarket.Adverseselectionoccurs;theonlycarsonthemarketwillbelowqualitycars.QualityUncertaintyandtheMarketforLemons8Chapter1ImplicationsofAsymmetricInformationMed

4、icalInsuranceQuestionIsitpossibleforinsurancecompaniestoseparatehighandlowriskpolicyholders?Ifnot,onlyhighriskpeoplewillpurchaseinsurance.Adverseselectionwouldmakemedicalinsuranceunprofitable.TheMarketforInsurance9Chapter1ImplicationsofAsymmetricInformationAutomobileInsuranceQuestionsWhatimpac

5、tdoesasymmetricinformationandadverseselectionhaveoninsuranceratesandthedeliveryofautomobileaccidentinsurance?Howcanthegovernmentreducetheimpactofadverseselectionintheinsuranceindustry?TheMarketforInsurance10Chapter1ImplicationsofAsymmetricInformationTheMarketforCreditAsymmetricinformationcreat

6、esthepotentialthatonlyhighriskborrowerswillseekloans.QuestionHowcancredithistorieshelpmakethismarketmoreefficientandreducethecostofcredit?11Chapter1ImplicationsofAsymmetricInformationTheImportanceofReputationandStandardizationAsymmetricInformationandDailyMarketDecisionsRetailsalesAntiques,art,

7、rarecoinsHomerepairsRestaurants12Chapter1ImplicationsofAsymmetricInformationQuestionHowcantheseproducersprovidehigh-qualitygoodswhenasymmetricinformationwilldriveouthigh-qualitygoodsthroughadverseselection.AnswerReputation13Chapter1Impl