思科交换机入门基础培训课件.ppt

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1、交换网络租赁与服务事业部王程亮Cisco企业网络体系不分层的网络设备大的冲突域大的广播域高延时故障排除困难存在问题无法实现VLAN间互访没有广播域边界服务器没有位于中心位置Layer2Switching基于硬件的转发线速性能每个端口一个冲突域基于MAC地址传输流量Layer3Routing每个端口为一个广播域在不同的分段可以应用ACL存在问题每个端口花费成本过高要求路由实现三层处理延时高于二层交换MultilayerSwitching组成Layer2switchingLayer3switchingLayer4switching高速可靠低延时分级网络模型分层的园区

2、网络WhatIsanVLAN?逻辑子网，一个VLAN就是一个广播域VLANConfigurationModesGlobalModeSwitch#configureterminalSwitch(config)#vlan3Switch(config-vlan)#nameVlan3Switch(config-vlan)#exitSwitch(config)#endVLANAccessPortsTheaccessswitchportassociatedwithasingledataVLANConfiguringanAccessVLANSwitch(config)#vlan

3、vlan_idCreateaVLAN.Switch(config-vlan)#namevlan_nameProvideaVLANname.Switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessPlacetheswitchportintoaccessmode.Switch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlanvlan_idAssociatetheaccessswitchportwithaVLAN.MaintainingSpecificVLANIdentificationSpecificallydevelopedform

4、ulti-VLANinterswitchcommunicationsPlacesauniqueidentifierineachframeFunctionsatLayer2VLANTrunkingTrunkingwith802.1QAnIEEEstandardAddsa4-bytetagtotheoriginalframeAdditionaltagincludesapriorityfieldDoesnottagframesthatbelongtothenativeVLANSupportsCiscoIPtelephonyTrunkingwithISLIsaCisco

5、proprietaryprotocolSupportsPVSTUsesanencapsulationprocessDoesnotmodifytheoriginalframe802.1QTrunkConfigurationSwitch(config)#interfacefastethernet5/8Switch(config-if)#shutdownSwitch(config-if)#switchporttrunkencapsulationdot1qSwitch(config-if)#switchporttrunkallowedvlan1,5,11,1002-100

6、5Switch(config-if)#switchportmodetrunkSwitch(config-if)#switchportnonegotiateSwitch(config-if)#noshutdownLayer3SVISVIonaMultilayerSwitchConfigureiproutinginterfacevlan10ipaddress10.1.1.1255.255.255.0interfacevlan20ipaddress10.2.2.1255.255.255.0Verifyshowiproute路由问题:UsingDefaultGateway

7、sRouterRedundancyRouterRedundancyHSRP热备份路由协议在HSRP组中的多台路由器共同虚拟出一台virtualrouterTheactiverouterrespondstoARPrequestswiththeMACaddressofthevirtualrouter.TheActiveRouterTheVirtualRouterMACAddressTheStandbyRouterThestandbyrouterlistensforperiodichellomessageson224.0.0.2.ActiveandStandbyRout

8、er交互H