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1、25卷第1期资源科学Vol.25,No.12003年1月RESOURCESSCIENCEJan.,2003松嫩平原苏打盐碱地治理与利用李取生,李秀军,李晓军,王志春,宋长春,章光新(中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130021)摘要:该文介绍了松嫩平原苏打盐碱地的分布及利用现状,对苏打盐碱地农业利用中存在的问题进行了分析。根据苏打盐碱化的成因、特性和近年来对其治理方面的最新攻关研究进展,实施分类治理,分别提出了一些可行有效的方法:即对低洼易涝盐碱地进行高产优势水稻开发,采取包括施用土壤改良剂、增施有机肥、以砂压碱等多种形式的土壤改良措施和以盐碱地水稻钵育大苗抗逆栽培技术
2、为核心的栽培措施;对地势相对较高的碱化旱田采用微咸水淋洗改良措施等。试验表明:施用TC21号苏打盐渍化土壤改良剂1a后,耕层土壤溶液钠离子浓度降低2612%～3919%,土壤渗透性增强,团聚体增加120%～150%,水稻单产提高1018%;压砂和施加有机肥则降低了根层土壤的pH值,且它们的施加量与pH值的降低速率呈正相关;盐碱地水稻钵育大苗抗逆栽培技术使秧苗各项素质指标比普通育苗提高30%左右,平均增产15%。碱化旱田微咸水淋洗改良则使0～35cm深度的亚粘土壤含盐量降低20%～40%,ESP降低2617%,使高产高效作物的种植成为可能,提高了盐碱地的利用效率。关键词:松嫩平原
3、;苏打盐碱地;物理化学改良;水土资源利用中图分类号:F3231211;S156(234)(235)文献标识码:A文章编号:1007-7588(2003)01-0015-06SODIUMBICARBONATESOILMANAGEMENTANDUTILIZATIONINSONGNENPLAINLIQu2sheng,LIXiu2jun,LIXiao2jun,WANGZhi2chun,SONGChang2chun,ZHANGGuang2xin(NortheastInstituteofGeographyandAgriculturalEcology,ChineseAcademyofScie
4、nces,Changchun130021,China)Abstract:AsoneofthethreebiggestSodiumBicarbonatesoildistributedareasintheworld,thewestern42SongnenplainhastheareaofSodiumBicarbonatesoil300×10hm.Inthisregion,thelanduseefficiencyisverylowbecauseoftheserioussalinization.Themainproblemsarelowriceyieldandpoorqualityin
5、wa2terloggedsaline2sodicland,andtheseriousharmofSodiumBicarbonatetothelargeglebe.Throughfiveyears’researchanddemonstration,anotableeffectisacquiredinthissaline2sodiclandutilization.Inthepointofdevelopingpaddyriceinlow2lyingandeasywaterloggedsaline2sodicland,thericeyieldhasbeenobviouslypromot
6、edandthequalityhasalsobeenimprovedbythemeasurestoamelioratesoilwhichincludeaddingTC21soilameliorant,pavingsandfromlocalsanddunes,exertingmanure.Inaddition,thecultivatingmeasuressuchastechniquesusingearthenbowltofosteragedseedlings,balanceablefertilizationandhigh2qualityvarietieshasbeenapplie
7、d.Forexample,thesodiumionconcentrationinsoilsolutionoftheploughlayerdecreasesfrom2612%to3919%afteroneyear.Everyqualityindexofseedlingsfosteredinap2pointedbowlsisimprovedaround30%thanthatofthosefromgeneralways.Thericeyieldofsaline2sodiclandincreases
