化学纤维(纤维素―纤维粘胶)课件.ppt

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1、BasicknowledgeforTextile纺织基础知识TextileTechnicalTraining纺织技术培训PreparedBy:LastAmended:JulietzhuqinyanVersion:1.010July.06Chemicalfiber–CellulosefiberRayon&Viscose化学纤维－纤维素纤维粘胶1Introduction介绍Cellulosefiberismadefromwoodpulp,anaturally-occurring,cellulose-

2、basedrawmaterial.Asaresult,It‘spropertiesaremoresimilartocottonorlinen.Viscosewasthefirstmanufacturedfiber.纤维素纤维的原材料取自于木浆，天然聚合物或含有纤维素的物质。因此，具有与棉、麻相似的特性。粘胶是最早的人造纤维。CellulosicClassificationChart分类表Althoughrayonismadefromwoodpulp,arelativelyinexpensivea

3、ndrenewableresource,processingrequireshighwaterandenergyuse,andhascontributedtoairandwaterpollution.Nowtherearemostoftheviscosecompaniesindevelopingcountry.由于粘胶取自于木浆，原材料是价格相对便宜的可利用资源。但是在生产过程中消耗大量的能源，污染空气和水。因此，现在大部分粘胶生产工厂已转移到发展中国家。2Appearance&Structur

4、e外观&结构ThestructureoftheViscosefiberisgenerallysmoothandinelastic.Butthecrosssectionisirregular.普通粘胶外观纵向平滑，无弹性，横截面呈锯齿状。Differentprocesses,additivesandfinishingtechniquescanvarythephysicalappearanceandstructureofthefiber.由于生产工艺、添加物、后处理技术的不同，粘胶纤维可以有不同的形

5、态和结构。eg1:Jetspunviscoseyarn粘胶气流纱eg2:Spunviscosefiber粘胶短纤维3Process生产工艺Thecelluloseisgroundupandreactedwithcausticsoda.Afterawaitingperiod,theripeningprocessduringwhichdepolymerisationoccurs,carbondisulphideisadded.Thisformsayellowcrumbknownascellulose

6、xanthate,whichiseasilydissolvedinmorecausticsodatogiveaviscousyellowsolution.纤维素与碱反应生成碱纤维素，与二硫化碳反应生成纤维素黄酸酯，而纤维素黄酸酯溶于稀碱溶液，制成黄色粘胶溶液。Thissolutionispumpedthroughaspinneret,whichmaycontainthousandsofholes,intoadilutesulphuricacidbathwherethecelluloseisreg

7、eneratedasfinefilamentsasthexanthatedecomposes.粘胶溶液从喷丝头喷到酸液中，稀硫酸使纤维素黄酸酯分解并与碱中和，使粘胶凝固。3Process生产工艺HighWetModulus(HWM)rayonisamodifiedviscosethathasvirtuallythesamepropertiesasregularrayon,plushighwetstrength.HWMrayonperformmuchlikecottoninsimilarendus

8、es.HWMrayoncanalsobemercerized,likecotton,forincreasedstrengthandluster.ThetermsfrequentlyusedtodescribeHWMrayoninapparelinclude"polynosic"rayonorthetradenameMODALTM.高湿模量纤维是一种改良粘胶，除了具有普通粘胶相同性质外还具有较高的湿强。与棉纤维具有相似的最终用途。可以通过丝光处理以增加强力和光泽。一般叫“富强纤维”或商标名“莫代尔