美国经济(英文版)课件.ppt

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1、ASurveyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica3.EconomySchoolofWesternStudiesHeilongjiangUniversityEconomyIndustrialRevolutionFreeEnterpriseAmericanAgricultureTransportationForeignTradeIndustrialRevolutionThereweretwoerasofindustrialrevolutioninthe19thcentury.Thefirstbeganin1840’swhensteamp

2、owercameintouse.TheSecondIndustrialRevolutionbeganintheearly1870’s,whenelectricitycameintouse.TheTwoIndustrialRevolutionsReasonsforIndustrialRevolutionSomeearlydecisionsbyAmericansocialandpoliticalleadersplantedtheseedsofindustrialgrowth.Atariffhighenoughtodiscourageimportsandgi

3、vedomesticindustriestimetogrow.OtherHamiltonianmeasuresgavegreatencouragementtobusinessingeneral.TheIndustrialRevolutioninEnglandbroughtmanychangestoAmericanindustrybetween1776and1860.DevelopmentofIndustrialRevolutionOnekeydevelopmentwastheintroductionofthefactorysystem,whichgat

4、heredmanyworkerstogetherinoneworkplaceandproducedgoodsfordistributionoverawidearea.Aseconddevelopmentwasthe“Americansystem”ofmassproductionwhichoriginatedinthefirearmsindustryabout1800.thenewsystemrequiredprecisionengineeringtocreatepartsthatwereinterchangeable.DevelopmentofIndu

5、strialRevolutionAthirddevelopmentwastheapplicationofnewtechnologiestoindustrialtasks.Afourthdevelopmentwastheemergencyofnewformsofbusinessorganization,notablythebankandthecorporation,whichfacilitatedthegrowthofindustry.Finally,theconstructionofrailroadsbeginninginthe1830s,marked

6、thestartofanewerafortheUnitedStates.NationalEconomyUSisthelargestdevelopedcountryandtheonlysuperpowerintheworld.Itleadstheworldinsuchfieldsas:Informationtechnology,computers,space,nuclearenergy,electronicsandmilitaryproducts.Itisthelargestautomobilemakeroftheworld.USdollarisused

7、asaninternationalcurrency.WesterneconomistsregardtheUSasthedynamicandengineoftheworldeconomy.InternationalMonetary,theWorldBank,Gatt(GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade)WhentheUnitedStatescoughs,therestoftheworldcatchescold.NationalEconomyTheUSforeignpolicy:Sitonthefence(WorldI,II

8、)OpenDoorEconomicsystem:FreeEnterprise/marketec