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1、计算机英语课文内容翻译（15分）CHAPTER11.1Webuildcomputertosolveproblems.Earlycomputersolvedmathematicalandengineeringproblems,andlatercomputersemphasizedinformationprocessingforbusinessapplications.Today,computersalsocontrolmachinesasdiverseasautomobileengines,robots,andmicrowaveovens.
2、Acomputersystemsolvesaproblemfromanyofthesedomainsbyacceptinginput,processingit,andproducingoutput.Figure1-1illustratesthefunctionofacomputersystem.Figure1-2showsthesecomponentsinablockdiagram.Thelinesbetweentheblocksrepresenttheflowofinformationflowsfromonecomponenttoano
3、theronthebus,whichissimplyagroupofwiresconnectingthecomponents.ProcessingoccursintheCPUandmainmemory.TheorganizationinFigure1-2,withthecomponentsconnectedtoeachotherbythebus,iscommon.However,otherconfigurationsarepossibleaswell.Theclassificationjustdescribedisbasedonphysi
4、calsizeasopposedtostoragesize.Acomputersystemuserisgenerallymoreconcernedwithstoragesize,becausethatisamoredirectindicationoftheamountofusefulworkthatthehardwarecanperform.Speedofcomputationisanothercharacteristicthatisimportanttotheuser.Generallyspeaking,userswantafastCP
5、Uandlargeamountsofstorage,butaphysicallysmallmachinefortheI/Odevicesandmainmemory.1.2Aprocessorisafunctionalunitthatinterpretsandcarriesoutinstructions.EveryprocessorcomeswithauniquesetofoperationssuchasADD,STORE,orLOADthatrepresenttheprocessor’sinstructionset.Computerdes
6、ignersarefondofcallingtheircomputersmachines,sotheinstructionsetissometimesreferredtoasmachineinstructionsandthebinarylanguageinwhichtheyarewritteniscalledmachinelanguage![1]Youshouldn’tconfusetheprocessor’sinstructionsetwiththeinstructionsfoundinhigh-levelprogramminglang
7、uages,suchasBASICorPascal.Thecontrolunitisthefunctionalunitthatisresponsibleforsupervisingtheoperationoftheentirecomputersystem.Insomeways,itisanalogoustoatelephoneswitch-boardwithintelligencebecauseitmakestheconnectionsbetweenvariousfunctionalunitsofthecomputersystemandc
8、allsintooperationeachunitthatisrequiredbytheprogramcurrentlyinoperationThearithmeticandlogicunit
