资源描述:
《中考英语语法专题复习名词与代词讲义.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、名词1、名词的分类专有名词单数名词表泛指,在前面加a/an.可数名词:有单数和复数之分普通名词复数形式通常加-s/-es不可数名词:没有复数形式物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词用some/any/alittle/alotof修饰2、可数名词复数的变化形式1)规则变化条件变化例词注意一般情况下在词尾加-sbook→bookscat→cats-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esglass→glassesbox→boxeswatch→watchesbrush→brushesch结尾的名词,在单词中发音为[k]时,其复数
2、加-s.stomach→stomachs部分以-f-fe结尾的名词-f/-fe改为–v再加-esself→selvesthief→thievesknife→kniveslife→liveswolf→wolves特殊情况:roof→roofsscarf→scarfsbelief→beliefs辅音字母+-y结尾的名词-y改为–i再加–esbaby→babiesstory→storiescountry→countriesparty→parties元音字母+-y结尾的名词在-y后面直接加-sboy→boysday→days部分以
3、辅音字母+-o结尾的名词词尾加-espotato→potatoestomato→tomatoeshero→heroes特殊情况:radio→radiospiano→pianoszoo→zoosphoto→photos2)不规则变化变化例子注意元音字母发生变化-a改为-eman→menwoman→womenpoliceman→policemenGerman→Germanshuman→humans-oo改为-eefoot→feettooth→teethgoose→geese单复同形sheep→sheepdeer→deerfis
4、h→fishchicken→chickenchicken鸡肉、fish鱼肉,是不可数名词.强调“种类”=fishes“小鸡”=chickens有些名词常以复数形式出现trousers,socks,gloves,glasses,shoes要表达他们的量,常借助pair.ApairoftrousersTwopairsofgloves表示”某国人”单复同形aChinese→twoChineseaJapanese→twoJapanese词尾加-saGerman→twoGermansanAmerican→twoAmericansma
5、n→menanEnglishman→twoEnglishmenanFrenchman→twoFrenchmen其他形式child→childrenox→oxenmouse→mice注意:①有些名词以-s结尾,但表达单数意义。科学名词:physics,mathematics/maths 游戏名称:bowls 专有名词:theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名词:news,falls②名词做定语,不用复数形式.e.g.ashoeshop,anappletree*例外:man,woman作定语时,如果后面
6、的名词是复数,则man,woman也要变。e.g.awomanteacher→threewomenteachersamandoctor→manymendoctors③people,police做“人们”讲时,看作复数,不能在后面加”-s”,谓语动词用复数形式。family,class是集体名词,既指单数,又指复数,谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数,具体根据语境而定。④不可数名词:一般指物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词,通常没有复数,其前不用冠词a/an或数词,但可用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,an
7、y的等修饰。Exercises:—Look at the clouds, so beautiful! —Wow, so many different _______, horses, sheep, flowers… A. sizes B. shapes C. colors D. stylesThere are some _______ in Dayton Art Museum. For example, no food or drink is allowe
8、d inside. A. jobs B. records C. rules D.paintings—Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phones as a present, but I do