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1、开放英语Ⅰ(2)各单元语法学习重点(单元32-35)Unit32ThingsGoWrong((遭遇不幸)1、被动语态(1)主语是谓语动作的实施对象,则用被动语态。而主动语态指句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者:Thegirlscleantheroomeveryday.(主语语态)Theroomiscleanedeveryday.(被动语态)(2)被动语态的构成:主语+助动词be的各种时态形式+过去分词:Theworkhasbeendone.(现在完成时)Thisroomiscleanedbythewo
2、man.(一般现在时)Thelaptopwasstolenbyhisneighbour.(一般过去时)Thebikemustberepairedbyhisfather.(情态动词)Thetruthwillbefoundout.(一般将来时)2、直接引语和间接引语(1)直接引语:引述别人的话时,不做任何改动引用原话。将其放在引号内;间接引语:用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内;Marysaid,”Iamverybusy.”(直接引语)Marysaidthatshewasverybusy.(
3、间接引语)(2)可以引述间接引语的动词一般都是表示说话的动词:say,tell,ask,report等。(3)直接引语变成间接引语时,间接引语中动词的时态,形式,人称代词,时间和地点状语要有相应的变化:Jimsaid.”Ilikecollectingstamps.”Jimsaidthathelikedcollectingstamps(时态、人称变化)Theworkertoldme,”I’llfinishtheworktoday.”Theworkertokdmethathewouldfinisht
4、heworkthatday.(人称、时态、时间变化)(4)如果直接引语是一般疑问句或表示请求的陈述句,变成间接引语时,需在引述动词ask后加if,然后将疑问句改陈述语序:“canyoutalktome?”Thepoliceofficeasked.Thepoliceofficeraskedifshecouldtalktohim.(5)如果直接引语是特殊疑问句,变间接引语时,需要将疑问句改成陈述句语序:Susanasked,”Howdoyoulikethemeeting?”Susanaskedhow
5、Ilikedthemeeting.Unit33TheNewRestaurant(新餐馆)1、反意疑问句(1)反意疑问句中,若前一部分为肯定式后一部分用否定式;若前一部分为否定式,后一部分一般用肯定式。It’ssnowing,isn’tit?Itisn’training.isit?(2)反意疑问句前半部分陈述句中若使用了助动词。情态动词或be动词时,后半部分先重复这些动词,然后+(not)+主语,构成简略问句。a.tobe:Heisn’tateacher,ishe?Theywereinoursch
6、oolyesterday,weren’tthey?b.tohave/has:Youhaveadaughter,haven’tyou?Tomhasn’tacomputer,hashe?c.情态动词:Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougo,musn’tyou?Shecan’tdoit,canshe?d.助动词:Wewillbeheretomorrow.,won’twe?Youdidn’torderacupoftea,didyou?(3)如反意疑问句前半部分肯定句中谓语动词
7、是实意动词,后半部分一般由don’t/doesn’t(一般现在时)和didn’t(一般过去时)加主语构成。Shelookslikehermother,doesn’tshe?Theyneededsomerest,didn’tthey?(4)特殊情况的反意疑问句:Let’sgotothezoo,shallwe?I’mthenext,aren’tI?2、与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟条件句:与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟条件句谈论想像的情况,而且推测想象的结果,常用来谈论希望或梦想。(1)与现在或将来情况相反
8、的虚拟条件句最常用的结构是:从句:if+动词过去式。主句:would(could)+动词原形IfIhadmoremoney,Iwouldbuyacar.IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyaflat.3、介词inspiteof,apartfrom,exceptfor(1)都表示“除了……之外”,这三个介词词组都可以放在句首:Inspiteoftheweather,westillwentout.Exceptforthehandwriting,theletterisnice.Apar