化工原理课程设计列管式换热器设计示例.doc

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1、列管式换热器设计说明书列管式换热器设计说明书设计者：班级：：学号：日期：指导教师设计成绩日期13列管式换热器设计说明书目录一、方案简介································································3二、方案设计································································41、确定设计方案······················································

2、·······42、确定物性数据·····························································43、计算总传热系数···························································44、计算传热面积·····························································55、工艺结构尺寸········································

3、·····················56、换热器核算·······························································7三、设计结果一览表··························································10四、对设计的评述····························································1113列管式换热器设计说明书三、附图（主体设备设计条件图）（详情参见

4、图纸）·································四、参考文献································································12五、主要符号说明····························································12附图··········································································13列管式换热器设计说

5、明书一、方案简介本设计任务是利用冷流体（水）给硝基苯降温。利用热传递过程中对流传热原则，制成换热器，以供生产需要。下图（图1）是工业生产中用到的列管式换热器.选择换热器时,要遵循经济,传热效果优,方便清洗,复合实际需要等原则。换热器分为几大类：夹套式换热器，沉浸式蛇管换热器，喷淋式换热器，套管式换热器，螺旋板式换热器，板翅式换热器，热管式换热器，列管式换热器等。不同的换热器适用于不同的场合。而列管式换热器在生产中被广泛利用。它的结构简单、坚固、制造较容易、处理能力大、适应性大、操作弹性较大。尤其在高压、高温和大型装置中使用更

6、为普遍。所以首选列管式换热器作为设计基础。二、方案设计某厂在生产过程中，需将硝基苯液体从93℃冷却到50℃。处理能力为1×105吨/年。冷却介质采用自来水，入口温度27℃，出口温度37℃。要求换热器的管程和壳程的压降不大于10kPa。试设计能完成上述任务的列管式换热器。（每年按300天，每天24小时连续运行）出口水温是可以自行改动的。冷却水温差最好在5～10℃一年的工作日一般300～340天。可以自行选定。1．确定设计方案（1）选择换热器的类型两流体温度变化情况：热流体进口温度93℃，出口温度50℃冷流体。冷流体进口温度27

7、℃，出口温度37℃。流程安排说理要充分。从两流体温度来看，估计换热器的管壁温度和壳体壁温之差不会很大，因此初步确定选用固定管板式换热器。（2）流动空间及流速的确定管内流体流态最好完全湍流。Re>10000，d=0.02，μ=0.001，ρ=1000，故ui≥0.5m/ｓ由于硝基苯的粘度比水的大，因此冷却水走管程，硝基苯走壳程。另外，这样的选择可以使硝基苯通过壳体壁面向空气中散热，提高冷却效果。同时，在此选择逆流。选用ф25×2.5的碳钢管，管流速取ui=0.5m/ｓ。2、确定物性数据定性温度：可取流体进口温度的平均值。壳程硝

8、基苯的定性温度为：管程流体的定性温度为：13列管式换热器设计说明书根据定性温度，分别查取壳程和管程流体的有关物性数据。硝基苯在71.5℃下的有关物性数据如下：密度　　ρo=1154kg/m3定压比热容　cpo=1.558kJ/(kg·℃)导热系数　　λo=418.4×30.9×10-5＝0