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1、TheDevelopmentofWritingFewpeoplewoulddisagreewiththebeliefthatprimitivemanlearnedtospeaklongbeforehedevelopedasystemofwriting.Butwhilehisearlyspokenlanguagemayhavebeennothingmorethanafewsounds,earlymancouldtransmitmessagesacrossdistancesbymeansofsignalsfromdrums,smokeand
2、fire.Itwasprobablyadesiretorecordmessagesthatledtothedevelopmentofalphabets.Forearlyman,whocouldspeakandwhocouldsendmessages,couldnotputthosemessagesintopermanentform.Thedesiretohavepermanentrecordsmaynotbeeasilyunderstoodintoday’sworldwhereelectronicsciencehasmadediskan
3、dtaperecordingscommonplace.Ifearlymanwantedtoleaverecordsofpasteventstoremindhimofgoodtimesandbad,hehadtodependonhismemory,andonprimitivemarkingssuchaspilesofstones,cuttingsonsticks,etc.Thelimitationsofthissystemledearlymantoturntorockdrawingsfortheexpressionofsophistica
4、tedideas.Thisformofwritingdependedonpicturestoconveyideas,andalthoughmoreadvancedthanpreviousdevelopments,itwasstilltoolimitedformantobeentirelysatisfied.Manfinallywasabletodevelopasystemofpicturewritingthatassociatedsymbolsandsound.Thissystem,whichwasoriginatedbytheearl
5、ySumeriansandtheEgyptiansmorethan3,000B.C.,isbasedonthesameprinciplethatwesuetodayinmostworldalphabets.Itwasabout1,000B.C.thatthePhoenicianstookthecomplicatedpicturealphabetsoftheEgyptiansandsimplifiedthenintoabout30symbols,eachonestandingforaconsonantsound.Finally,thean
6、cientGreeks,about800B.C.,refinedthisPhoenicianalphabetandaddedsignsforvowelsounds.ThealphabetusedinEnglish,andinmanyotherworldlanguages,iscalledtheRomanalphabetbecauseitwasdevelopedbytheRomanswhohadtakenmostofitfromanotherItalicpeople,theEtruscan,who,intheirturn,hadlearn
7、editfromtheancientGreeks.LettersonancientmonumentsinRomeprovethattheRomanalphabet,thesamealphabetusedtoday,hadbeenperfectedbyA.D.114.SecrettoLongevityLiesinGenes,StudyFindsTueJun11,5:16PMETbyMaggieFox,HealthandSciencesCorrespondentWASHINGTON(Reuters)Wanttolivetobe100?Pic
8、koldgrandparents.It’sanoldirony,butresearcherssaidonTuesdaytheyhadshownthisisremarkablytruewhenitcomest
