语言学教程-学习笔记.doc

语言学教程-学习笔记.doc

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1、第一章、绪论Introduction1、语言学的主要分支是什么。每个分支的研究对象是什么?Linguisticsmainlyinvolvesthefollowingbranches:Generallinguistics,whichisthestudyoflanguageasawholeandwhichdeals withthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicable inanylinguisticstudyPhonetics,whichstudiesthesoundsthat

2、areusedinlinguisticcommunicationPhonology,whichstudieshowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationMorphology,whichstudiesthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoform wordsSyntax,whichstudieshowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesSemantics,whichisthestudyofmeaninginlanguage.Pragm

3、atics,whichisthestudyofmeaningnotinisolation,butincontextof useSociolinguistics,whichisthestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyPsycholinguistics,whichisthestudyoflanguagewithreferencetothe workingsofmind.Appliedlinguistics,whichisconcernedabouttheapplicationoflinguistic findingsinl

4、inguisticstudies;Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsrefers totheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteaching andlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Otherrelatedbranchesareanthropologicallinguistics,neurological linguistics,mathematicallinguisti

5、cs,andcomputationallinguistics.2、现代语言学与传统语法有什么区别?Traditionalgrammarisprescriptive;itisbasedon"high"(religious, literary)writtenlanguage.Itsetsmodelsforlanguageuserstofollow.But Modernlinguisticsisdescriptive;itsinvestigationsarebasedonauthentic, andmainlyspokenlanguagedata.Itissupp

6、osedtobescientificandobjective andthetaskoflinguistsissupposedtodescribethelanguagepeopleactually use,whetheritis"correct"ornot.3、什么叫共时研究?什么叫历时研究?ThedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisaSynchronicstudy;the descriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy.A synchr

7、onicstudyoflanguagedescribesalanguageasitisatsomeparticular pointinrime,whileadiachronicstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;it studiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.4、人类语言的甄别性特征是什么?1)Arbitrariness。Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetween meaningsandsounds.For

8、instance,thereisnonecessar

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