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1、第一章、绪论Introduction1、语言学的主要分支是什么。每个分支的研究对象是什么？Linguisticsmainlyinvolvesthefollowingbranches:Generallinguistics,whichisthestudyoflanguageasawholeandwhichdeals
withthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicable
inanylinguisticstudyPhonetics,whichstudiesthesoundsthat
2、areusedinlinguisticcommunicationPhonology,whichstudieshowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationMorphology,whichstudiesthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoform
wordsSyntax,whichstudieshowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesSemantics,whichisthestudyofmeaninginlanguage.Pragm
3、atics,whichisthestudyofmeaningnotinisolation,butincontextof
useSociolinguistics,whichisthestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyPsycholinguistics,whichisthestudyoflanguagewithreferencetothe
workingsofmind.Appliedlinguistics,whichisconcernedabouttheapplicationoflinguistic
findingsinl
4、inguisticstudies;Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsrefers
totheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteaching
andlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Otherrelatedbranchesareanthropologicallinguistics,neurological
linguistics,mathematicallinguisti
5、cs,andcomputationallinguistics.2、现代语言学与传统语法有什么区别？Traditionalgrammarisprescriptive;itisbasedon"high"(religious,
literary)writtenlanguage.Itsetsmodelsforlanguageuserstofollow.But
Modernlinguisticsisdescriptive;itsinvestigationsarebasedonauthentic,
andmainlyspokenlanguagedata.Itissupp
6、osedtobescientificandobjective
andthetaskoflinguistsissupposedtodescribethelanguagepeopleactually
use,whetheritis"correct"ornot.3、什么叫共时研究？什么叫历时研究？ThedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisaSynchronicstudy;the
descriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy.A
synchr
7、onicstudyoflanguagedescribesalanguageasitisatsomeparticular
pointinrime,whileadiachronicstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;it
studiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.4、人类语言的甄别性特征是什么？1)Arbitrariness。Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetween
meaningsandsounds.For
8、instance,thereisnonecessar
