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1、Friendship同步素材(人教新课标高中英语必修1 Unit1)Directspeechandindirectspeech(直接引语和间接引语)一.基本概念I直接引语变为间接引语1)、直接引语为陈述句2)、直接引语为祈使句3)、直接引语为疑问句4)、直接引语为感叹句II1、直接引语和间接引语都属于宾语从句2、直接引语和间接引语的概念(1)直接引语:一字不改地引述别人的话(2)间接引语:用说话人自己的话转述别人的话二.变换类型1.直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句,用that引导(口语中可以省略)
2、。引述动词有:say,tell等。陈述句变间接引语要注意:1、人称的变化2、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3、时态的变化4、人称的变化。一般的规则:一随主,二随宾,三不变例如:Theteachersaid,“John,youmustbringyourbooktotheclass.”1>第三者说:TheteachertoldJohnthathemustbringhisbooktotheclass.2>别人对约翰说:Theteachersaidthatyoumustbringyourbook
3、totheclass.3>约翰自己说:TheteachersaidthatImustbringmybooktotheclass.I指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化1〉指示代词的变化this----thatthese----those2〉时间状语的变化now----thenago----beforetoday----thatdayyesterday----thedaybefore;thepreviousdaytomorrow----thenextday;thefollowingdaythed
4、aybeforeyesterday----twodaysbeforethedayaftertomorrow----twodayslaternextweek/month,etc.----thenextweek/month,etc.lastweek/month,etc.----theweek/monthbefore3〉地点状语的变化here----there4〉动词的变化come----go注:在当地转述时,here不变为there,come不变为go.在当天转述时,yesterday,tomorro
5、w等时间状语也不变。II时态的变化(1)1〉主句为现在或将来时态时,间接引语的时态不变。E.g.A.Hesays,“I’mtired.”Hesaysheistired.B.Hehassaidtome,“I’mtired.”Hehassaidtomeheistired.7用心爱心专心C.Hewillsay,“Theboywaslazy.”Hewilltellyouthattheboywaslazy.2、主句为过去时态时,直接引语一般作相应的变化,这就叫所谓的“时态的呼应”。1)、一般现在时变为一般过
6、去时。e.g.Hesaid,“I’msorry.”Hesaidhewassorry.2)现在进行时变为过去进行时。e.g.Shesaid,“He’swaiting.”Shesaidhewaswaiting.3)现在完成时变为过去完成时。e.g.Hesaid,“Youhaven’tchangedmuch.”HesaidthatIhadn‘tchangedmuch.4)一般过去时变为过去完成时。e.g.Hesaid,“Themancameatsix.”Hesaidthatthemanhadcomeat
7、six.5)一般将来时变为过去将来时。e.g.Shesaid,“Iwilldoitafterclass.”Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.6)过去完成时不变。e.g.Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomework.”Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomework.注:直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时时态不变。e.g.Theteachertoldus,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteach
8、ertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.III时态的变化(2)1)含情态动词的一般现在时变为情态动词的一般过去时。e.g.Shesaid,“Hecanswimverywell.”Shesaidthathecouldswimverywell.注:1)如果直接引语的情态动词是一般过去时,间接引语还是用情态动词的过去一般时。e.g.Shesaid,“Hecouldswimverywell.”Shesaidthathecouldswimverywell.