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1、二十五.句子成分详析句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（一）主语：主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词(单数可数名词,复数可数名词,物质名词,抽象名词,专有名词),代词(人称代词,名词性物主代词,指示代词,不定代词和疑问代词,但相互代词和反身代词不作主语),数词(基数,序数,分数,小数,百分数),定冠词加
2、形容词(或现在分词,或过去分词,或姓氏复数),不定式(有或无逻辑主语，疑问词加不定式),动名词(有或无逻辑主语),从句等充当。例如：Ahorserunsmuchfasterthanacow.（单数可数名词）Treesusuallyturngreeninspring.（复数可数名词）Woodburnseasilyindryweather.（物质名词）Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（抽象名词）TheGreatWallhasalonghistory.
3、（专有名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（人称代词）Tom’shouseishere,whilemineisoverthere.（名词性物主代词）Thosewhowillgohometodaypleasecallmelater.（指示代词）Somethingstrangehappenedafterheleft.（不定代词）Whoisthere?（疑问代词）Onethousandisagreatnumber.（基数词）ThefirstistheboyfromCanada.（序数词）One-thirdofthestu
4、dentsinthisclassaregirls.（分数）Fivepointthreeisthereadingonthethermometer.（小数）Twenty-fivepercentofthestudentshavearrived.（百分数）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（定冠词加形容词）Thewoundedaretakengoodcareofatthehospital.（定冠词加过去分词）Thelivingshouldaccomplishthemissionofthedead.（定冠词加现在分词）TheWhit
5、esareleavingforUKtomorrow.（定冠词加姓氏复数）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.=Itisagreatpleasuretoswimintheriver.（不定式）Itishardformetofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.（带逻辑主语的不定式）Whattodonextisnotclear.（疑问词加不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Hisarrivinglatemadethechairmanveryangry.（带
6、逻辑主语的动名词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.=IthasnotbeendecidedyetwhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtest.（主语从句）（二）谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语动词可分为不及物动词,及物动词,短语动词(中学常见者有:动词+介词/副词,动词+名词+介词,动词+副词+介词,动词+介词+名词或动名词等)。Weoftenswiminthelakeinsummer.（不及物动词）W
7、eshouldtakenotesinclass.（及物动词）Ifyouhavequestionstoask,putupyourhand.（短语动词）Wetakecareofthegardenhere.（短语动词）Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.（短语动词）Weshouldtakehisbadhealthintoconsideration.（短语动词）Don’tlookdownuponthedisabled.-4-用心爱心专心（短语动词）谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepr
8、acticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaug
