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1、tayler泰勒科学管理ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement(1911)byFrederickWinslowTaylor,M.E.,Sc.D. IntroductionChapterI:FundamentalsofScientificManagementChapterII:ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement INTRODUCTIONPresidentRoosevelt,inhisaddresstotheGovernorsattheWhiteHouse,prop
2、heticallyremarkedthat"Theconservationofournationalresourcesisonlypreliminarytothelargerquestionofnationalefficiency."Thewholecountryatoncerecognizedtheimportanceofconservingourmaterialresourcesandalargemovementhasbeenstartedwhichwillbeeffectiveinaccomplishingthisobje
3、ct.Asyet,however,wehavebutvaguelyappreciatedtheimportanceof"thelargerquestionofincreasingournationalefficiency."Wecanseeourforestsvanishing,ourwater-powersgoingtowaste,oursoilbeingcarriedbyfloodsintothesea;andtheendofourcoalandourironisinsight.Butourlargerwastesofhum
4、aneffort,whichgooneverydaythroughsuchofouractsasareblundering,ill-directed,orinefficient,andwhichMrRooseveltreferstoasalackof"nationalefficiency,"arelessvisible,lesstangible,andarebutvaguelyappreciated.Wecanseeandfeelthewasteofmaterialthings.Awkward,inefficient,orill
5、-directedmovementsofmen,however,leavenothingvisibleortangiblebehindthem.Theirappreciationcallsforanactofmemory,aneffortoftheimagination.Andforthisreason,eventhoughourdailylossfromthissourceisgreaterthanfromourwasteofmaterialthings,theonehasstirredusdeeply,whiletheoth
6、erhasmovedusbutlittle.Asyettherehasbeennopublicagitationfor"greaternationalefficiency,"nomeetingshavebeencalledtoconsiderhowthisistobebroughtabout.Andstilltherearesignsthattheneedforgreaterefficiencyiswidelyfelt.Thesearchforbetter,formorecompetentmen,fromthepresident
7、sofourgreatcompaniesdowntoourhouseholdservants,wasnevermorevigorousthanitisnow.Andmorethaneverbeforeisthedemandforcompetentmeninexcessofthesupply.Whatwearealllookingfor,however,istheready-made,competentman;themanwhomsomeoneelsehastrained.Itisonlywhenwefullyrealizetha
8、tourduty,aswellasouropportunity,liesinsystematicallycooperatingtotrainandtomakethiscompetentman,insteadofinhuntingforamanwhomsomeon
