【江苏专用】2020版高考英语二轮 题型组合练4 含解析.doc

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1、题型组合练(四)(对应学生用书第175页)Ⅰ.阅读理解——科普知识(2017·通、扬、泰、淮高三三模)LargerbrainsizelinkedtolongerlifeindeerThesizeofafemaleanimal'sbrainmaydeterminewhethertheylivelongerandhavemorehealthyoffspring(后代)，accordingtoanewresearchledbytheUniversityofCambridge.Thestudy，published

2、intheRoyalSocietyOpenSciencejournal，showsthatfemalereddeerwithlargerbrainslivelongerandhavemoresurvivingoffspringthanthosewithsmallerbrains.Brainsizeispasseddownthroughthegenerations.Thisisthefirstextensivestudyofindividualdifferencesinbrainsizeinwildmamm

3、alsanddrawsondatacomparingsevengenerationsofdeer.Acrossspeciesofmammals，brainsizevarieswidely.Thisisthoughttobeaconsequenceofspecificdifferencesinthebenefitsandcostsofalargerbrain.Mammalswithlargerbrainsmay，forexample，havegreatercognitiveabilitiesthatenab

4、lethemtoadaptbettertoenvironmentalchangesortheymayhavelongerlifespans(寿命)．Buttheremayalsobedisadvantages:forinstance，largerbrainsrequiremoreenergy，soindividualsthatpossessthemmayshowreducedfertility(繁殖力)．Theresearchers，basedattheUniversityofCambridge'sZoo

5、logyDepartmentandEdinburghUniversity'sInstituteofEvolutionaryBiology，wantedtotestiftheycouldfindmoredirectgeneticornongeneticevidenceofthecostsandbenefitsoflargebrainsizebycomparingthelongevity(长寿)andsurvivalofindividualsofthesamespecieswithdifferentsized

6、brains.Usingtheskullsof1，314wildreddeerwhoselifehistoriesandbreedingsuccesshadbeenmonitoredinthecourseofalongtermstudyontheIsleofRum，theyfoundthatfemaleswithlargerendocranialvolumes(脑腔容量)livedlongerandproducedmoresurvivingoffspringinthecourseoftheirlives.

7、LeadauthorDrCorinaLogan，aGatesCambridgeScholar，says，“Thereasonsfortheassociationbetweenbrainsizeandlongevityarenotknown，butotherstudieshavesuggestedthatlargerbrainsareaconsequenceofthelongerlivedspecieshavinglongerdevelopmentalperiodsinwhichthebraincangro

8、w.Thesehypotheses(假设)weregeneratedfromcrossspeciescorrelations；however，testingsuchhypothesesrequiresinvestigationsatthewithinspecieslevel，whichiswhatwedid.”DrLoganadds，“Wefoundthatsomeofthecrossspeciespredictionsabo