海洋生物-浮游生物.ppt

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1、MarineBiologyPlanktonGeneralInfo:PlanktoncomesfromtheGreekword“planktos”whichmeansdrifter.MovementMostorganismsmovewiththecurrent.Somehavetheabilitytomoveontheirown.Forexample,copepodsarethefastestanimalfortheirsize-theymovemorethan500bodylengthspersecond.TwoTypesofPlanktonPhytoplankton-whichareaut

2、otrophs(plank-like)Zooplankton-whichareheterotrohs(animal-like)Location-Epipelagicregionoftheocean:Thislocationisnearthesurfacewherethewateriswarmerandlighter.Thedepthisfromthesurfaceto200mor650ft.Itoftencorrespondswiththephoticzone,theistheregionwherelightpenetrates.Location:Epipelagicregionoftheo

3、cean(con’t)ShallowestpartofthepelagicrealmThepelagicrealmisthevastopenoceanawayfromthebottomandtheshoreLocation:Epipelagicregionoftheocean(con’t)Coastal/neritic:arewatersthatlieoverthecontinentalshelf(smallportionoftheepipelagic)Oceanic:aresurfacewatersbeyondthecontinentalshelf.Location:Epipelagicr

4、egionoftheocean(con’t)ThisarealacksdepositfeederssincethereisNObottomSuspendedfeedersarethereforeABUNDANTNoneofthesedepositfeeders!Allenergycomesfromthesun:Nearlyallprimaryproducers(photosynthesis)fromtheoceanoccursintheepipelagiczoneFoodproducedsinksoriscarriedbythecurrentstootherpartsoftheocean.A

5、utotrophscarryoutphotosynthesisbytakingincarbondioxideandconvertingittoorganicfood(glucose)Planktonhavetroubleremainingafloat:OrganismsandtheirshellsaremoredensethanwaterandthereforeshouldsinkCopingstrategies:Increasewaterresistance-thegreaterthesurfaceareathemoreresistanceBeingsmallishelpfulFlatsh

6、apealsoincreasessurfacearea,asdoprojectionsandspinesPlanktonhavetroubleremainingafloat(con’t):Copingstrategies(con’t)IncreasebuoyancySomestorelipidsasvacuolesofoil(lessdensethanwater)SomeusepocketsofgaswhichislessdensethanwaterRegulatingtheamountofgascanmovetheorganismupanddownthewatercolumnExchang

7、eheavyionsforlighteronesVerticalMigrationPredatorsaboundtheepipelagic.Therefore,somezooplanktonsinkwherethereislittlelightduringthedayandrisetofeedatnightRecentResearchNewmethodstocountandidentifyphytoplank