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1、Chapter13SenseOrgansandtheSensoryFunctionofNervousSystem(神经系统的感觉机能与感觉器官)Section1Summary1.Definitionandkindsofthereceptorsandsenseorgans(感受器、感觉器官的概念及分类)Receptors(感受器):Internalandexternalstimulusaresensedbysensoryreceptorswhichareoftengroupedintosenseorgans.Sti

2、mulus:includepressure,temperature,chemicalsubstances,vibrations(振动),mechanicaldeformation(机械变形)andradiantenergy(辐射能).(专门感受机体内外环境变化的结构或装置)Senseorgans(感受器官)Thesensoryequipmentiscomposedofreceptorandnon-nerverpertainstructure.(感受器和非神经性附属结构一起构成的感受装置)Theclassifica

3、tionofthereceptor：Classifybyposition:Interoceptors(内感受器)Exteroceptors(外感受器)Classifybycharacterofstimulus:Mechanoreceptor(机械R)Chemoreceptor(化学R)Thermoreceptor(温度R)......Classificationofsensory(感觉的分类)Traditional：vision,audition,taste,olfactorysensation,touchsen

4、sation,musclesensation,visceralsensationsetc.(视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉、触觉、肌觉、内脏觉等)Clinical：Specialsenses(特殊感觉)Superficialorcutaneoussensations(表面感觉)Deepsensations(深部感觉)Visceralsensations(内脏感觉)Section2Generalprinciplesoffeelingprocess(感觉过程的一般原理)1.Generalphysiologicalchara

5、cteristicofsensoryreceptors(感受器的一般生理特性)(1)Adequatestimulus(适宜刺激)各感受器有自己最敏感的刺激形式(2)Energyconversionandamplification(换能作用与放大作用)stimulus跨膜信号转换发生器电位感受器电位Fig.12-1(3)Encodingaction(编码作用)stimulusinformationAPsequenceTheintensityofstimulusiscodedbyAPfrequencyofsin

6、glenessNFandtheamountofNFthattakepartininformationtransmission.(刺激的强度是通过单一NF上AP频率的高低和参加这一信息传输的NF数目多少来编码)Fig.12-2刺激信息AP序列(4)Adaptationphenomenon(适应现象)stimuluscontinueAPfrequencyFig.12-7刺激继续AP频率2.Generalprinciplesofthefeelingprocess(感觉过程的一般原理)(1)Impulseprincip

7、lesofreceptor(感受器的冲动发放)StimulusreceptorelectricpotentialAP(2)Sensoryintroduction(感觉的传入)Theconductedonsuperficialreceptiontransmitchannel(浅感觉传导通路传导)：Senseofpain(痛觉),Senseoftemperatureandtouch(温度觉与轻触觉)Theconductedondeepreceptiontransmitchannel(深感觉传导通路传导)：Senseo

8、fmusclebodyanddeeppartpressure(肌肉本体感觉和深部压觉)Sensoryimpulse（stair）Dorsalrootspinalcord（thesecondclass）Tradeneuron,intercrosssuperficialthalamus(posteriorbellynucleus)（thethirdclass）tradeneu