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时间:2020-06-24
《国际音标表(IPA)(2015版).doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、国际音标表(IPA)(2015版)CONSONANTS(PULMONIC)©2015IPABilabialLabiodentalDentalAlveolarPostalveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarUvularPharyngealGlottalPlosiveNasalTrillTaporFlapFricativeLateralfricativeApproximantLateralapproximantSymbolstotherightinacellarevoiced,totheleftarevoiceless.Shadedarea
2、sdenotearticulationsjudgedimpossible.CONSONANTS(NON-PULMONIC)VOWELSFrontCentralBackClicksVoicedimplosivesEjectivesCloseBilabialBilabialExamples:DentalDental/alveolarBilabialClose-mid(Post)alveolarPalatalDental/alveolarPalatoalveolarVelarVelarOpen-midAlveolarlateralUvularAlveolarf
3、ricativeOTHERSYMBOLSOpenVoicelesslabial-velarfricativeVoicedlabial-velarapproximantVoicedlabial-palatalapproximantVoicelessepiglottalfricativeVoicedepiglottalfricativeEpiglottalplosiveAlveolo-palatalfricativesVoicedalveolarlateralflapSimultaneousandAffricatesanddoublearticulatio
4、nscanberepresentedbytwosymbolsjoinedbyatiebarifnecessary.Wheresymbolsappearinpairs,theonetotherightrepresentsaroundedvowel.SUPRASEGMENTALSPrimarystressSecondarystressLongHalf-longDIACRITICSSomediacriticsmaybeplacedaboveasymbolwithadescender,e.g.VoicelessBreathyvoicedDentalVoiced
5、CreakyvoicedApicalAspiratedLinguolabialLaminalMoreroundedLabializedNasalizedLessroundedPalatalizedNasalreleaseAdvancedVelarizedLateralreleaseRetractedPharyngealizedNoaudiblereleaseCentralizedVelarizedorpharyngealizedMid-centralizedRaised(=voicedalveolarfricative)SyllabicLowered(=
6、voicedbilabialapproximant)Non-syllabicAdvancedTongueRootRhoticityRetractedTongueRootExtra-shortMinor(foot)groupMajor(intonation)groupSyllablebreakLinking(absenceofabreak)TONESANDWORDACCENTSLEVELExtraCONTOURororRisinghighHighFallingMidHighrisingLowLowrisingExtraRising-lowfallingD
7、ownstepGlobalriseUpstepGlobalfall
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