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1、ClassificationofVocabularyActiveVocabulary:speakingvocabularywritingvocabularyPassiveVocabulary:readingvocabularyguessvocabularyShakespear24,000JohnMilton16,000Churchill90,000T.S.Eliot100,000WaysofWord-formationDerivation（派生法）derivativeComposition（复合法）compoundConv
2、ersion(转化法）Abbreviation:（缩略法）clippedword（截短词）Initialism(首字母缩略词）Acronym（首字母拼音词)blend(拼缀词）MethodsofWord-formationAffixationAffixesEnglishaffixescanbedividedintoprefixesandsuffixes.Whatisprefixes?Whatissuffixes?Whatarethemostimportantproductiveprefixesandsuffixesresp
3、ectively?Someofthemostimportantproductiveprefixesare:1.Prefixeswithnegativemeaning:un-,dis-,in-,im-,ir-,il-,de-2.Prefixeswithothermeaningvarietiesare:Re-,mis-,anti-,ex,pre-,post-,fore-,self-,super,sub-,inter-,trans-,ultra-,semi-,vice-,uni-,bi,multi-auto-,英语的前缀和后缀在
4、语法功能、语义、以及与词根关系的密切程度上是不同的，大多数后缀会改变词根的词性，大多数前缀不影响词根的词性和其他语法范畴，只是对词根的语义加以修饰或限制。从这个意义上说，前缀的作用与副词相仿，可以表示方式、态度、程度、时间、地点、否定等概念。表示方式的前缀：Mis-misleadmiscaculateMal-maltreatmalnutritionCo-cooperatecochairman表示态度的前缀：Anti-anti-socialanti-warCounter-counter-revolutioncounter-c
5、hargeRe-reactresistPro-pro-AmericanPro-communist表示程度的前缀Super-supermansuperpowerUnder-underfeedunderdevelopmentOver-overcarefuloverdo表示时间的前缀Pre-prenatalPost-post-warEx-exservicemanRe-rebuild表示地点的前缀Inter-Trans-trans-AtlanticSuper-superstructure(上层建筑）Over-overhead（在头
6、顶上的）Sub-subwayUnder-underground英语中只有三个前缀能决定词性：En-en使……处于什么状态EnslaveembodyendangerenrichEnlargeensureendearBe-befriendbenumbbelittleBecalmA-a-主要用来使动词或名词变为表语性的形容词Asleepastrayastirafireafoot(徒步）SomeExamplesforUnusualPrefixForexample:Non-scientificmeansrelatingtofield
7、sotherthanscience.Unscientificmeansnotscientific(notusedinscientificwork,notshowingscientificknowledgeorfamiliaritywithscientificmethods.De-1)reversingtheaction.Desegregate,detrain,decentralize,degenerate.Deregulate–toremovefromregulationTheycontendthatonlylong-te
8、rmderegulationofgaspriceswillencourageindustrytodrillnewwells.2)deprivingofDeform,defrost,deice,dehydrate,demagnetizeTwoMoreNotes1.Ineastwards,moonwards
