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1、Grammar----句子成分及练习Unit4Problems&Advice一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语subjects和谓语verbs；次要成分有表语、宾语objects、定语、状语adverbials、补足语complements、同位语和插入语。Sentenceelements:subjects,verbs,objects,complementsandadverbials1SentencesinEnglishusua
2、llyhaveasubject(S)andaverb(V).2Somesentencesalsohaveanobject(O).3Sentenceswithverbssuchasgive,bring,buyandsendcanhaveadirectobject(DO)andanindirectobject(IO).4Somesentenceshavealinkingverbfollowedbyacomplement(C).Somesentenceshaveanobjectfollowedbyacompl
3、ement(C).5Somesentenceshaveanadverbial(A).①Tomisajuniorhighschoolstudent.(Tom,juniorhighschoolstudent,be)He______________________________.(bestfriends,visit,everyweekend)OneofthemisaboycalledAlex.Lookatthepicturesbelow.Completethesentenceswiththewordsinb
4、rackets.Addotherwordsifnecessary.visitshisbestfriendseveryweekend②Lastweekend,_________________________________________________.(Alex,somenewbooks,showed,Tom,inhisflat)SuddenlyAlexknockedaflowerpotoutofhiswindowbyaccident.This____________________________
5、_____.(them,made,worried)AlexshowedsomenewbookstoTominhisflatmadethemworried③Luckily,noonewashurtbytheflowerpot.Then______________________________.(for,wentout,anhour,AlexandTom)AlexandTomwentoutforanhour④AlexandTom_________________________________.(late
6、rthatafternoon,returned)Theysawapolicemanquestioningaboyaboutthebrokenflowerpot.They______________________________(verybad,felt),buttheydidnotknowwhattodo.returnedlaterthatafternoonfeltverybad句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动词ing，短语或句子Westud
7、yinHuangqiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与连系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动
8、作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！(二)主语主语(Subject)表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结
