葡萄牙语语法.doc

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1、1.Theaffirmativeimperative(imperativoafirmativo)TherearetwokindsofimperativesinPortuguese:affirmativeandnegative.Nowweintroducetheaffirmativeimperativefirst.Duetotheimperativeonlytakingplacewhentwopeoplearespeaking,sothereareonlyfourkindsofthepersonpronouns:t

2、u,você(osenhor,asenhora),vós,vocês(ossenhores,assenhoras)andnós.However,weseldomusetheimperativeformof“nós”.1)ConjugationTherearetwokindsofconjugationrulesintheimperative:oneis“tu”;theotheronesare“você(osenhor,asenhora)”and“vocês(ossenhores,assenhoras).(1)The

3、conjugationof“tu”inaffirmativeimperativeTherulesarequitesimplehere.Justgetridofthe“s”intheendoftheconjugationinpresenttense.Forexample:Entra!(Comein.)Abreaporta!(Openthedoor.)Bebeaágua.(Drinkthewater.)Põeamalanasala.(Putthebaginthelivingroom.)Notice:1)Theconj

4、ugationof“ser”iscompletelyirregular:sê.Sêhonesto(adj.honest)(Behonest!)2)Theverbswhichendwith“-ns”shouldchangethe“ns”intothe“m”aftertheverbshavebeenconjugatedintheimperative.Forexample:Venscomigo.-Vemcomigo!(Followme!)Tenspaciência.Tempaciência(f.patient)(Bep

5、atient.)3)Theverbswhichendwith“-zer”“-zir”shouldnotonlygetridofthe“s”oftheconjugationof“tu”inpresenttense,butalsogetridofthe“e”infrontofthe“s”.Forexample:Dizer–tudizes→dizFazer–tufazes→fazTrazer–tutrazes→trazTraduzir–tutraduzes→traduzConduzir–tuconduzes→condu

6、z(1)Theconjugationsofthe“você(osenhor,asenhora)”and“vocês(ossenhores,assenhoras)”inaffirmativeimperative:①RegularverbsYoushouldgetridoftheendoftheregularverbsandaddthenewsuffixestotheverbs：PersonsTypesofverbs-ar-er-ir-orvocê-e-a-a-onhavocês-em-am-am-onhamPut

7、verbsasanexample:PersonsVerbsfalarbeberabrirpôrVocêvocêsfalefalembebabebamabraabramponhaponhamForexample:Faleportuguês.(SpeakPortuguese.)Bebammais.(Youdrinksomemore.)Ponhamasmalasnasala.(Putthebagsinthelivingroom.)②IrregularverbsTheconjugationsoftheirregular

8、verbshavetwokindsofsituations:oneisthatgettingridofthesuffix“-o”inthesituationthatbeingbasedontheconjugationofthefirstpersonsingleformof“eu”andthenaddingthesuffixesrelatedtotheimperative.