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1、(二)正误辨析[误]Tom'smotheristallerthanmy.[正]Tom'smotheristallerthanmine.[析]形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:mybook,而这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是mymother,也就是mine。[误]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.[正]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstof
2、inishit.[析]在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework,所以应用it。[误]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为we,you,they:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,I,he,sh
3、e,you,复数时用They,you,we,如:TomandIaregoodfriends.You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.I,heandyouhavetopayforit.[误]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.[析]由either…or,neither…nor,or连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,
4、用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如:Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.[误]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.[析]than是连词,其后应视为省略句,thanheis.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。
5、Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.[正]Ilikeyouasmuchasher.[析]as…as其后也应看作是省略句。应为asIlikeher.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。[误]Myselfdidityesterday.[正]Imyselfdidityesterday.[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.[析]反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。[误]Takecareofourselves.[正]Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)[析]祈始句的主
6、语应看作第二人称you.[误]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.[析]反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如:Theoldwomanspoketoherself.[误]Makeyourselfhome.[正]Makeyourselfathome.[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有:enjoyoneself玩得开心makeyourselfathome像在家中一样helpyourselft
7、osomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣[误]— Who'sthisspeaking.— That'sMary.[正]— Who'sthatspeaking.— ThisisMary.[析]在电话用语中,this指讲话人自己,而that指对方。[误]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.[析]在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用that或those取
8、代前面提到的事物,如是单数时用that,复数时用those,如:TheweatherinBeijingishotterth