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时间:2020-03-20
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1、高一英语语法一.句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)Smokingdoesharmtohealth.(动名词)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语
2、从句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.(四)表语:表语用以说
3、明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)Timeisup.Classisover.(副词)(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)宾语种类
4、:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.(六)宾语补足语:补充说明宾语的特征或状态的。Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)Chinaisadevelopingcoun
5、try;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)Heisproudtohavepassedtheexamination.(不定式短语)Heisintheroom
6、makingamodelplane.(分词短语)(九)同位语:用来说明或者解释同一事物或人,通常放在所说明的名词或者代词之后。可由以下形式表示:Mr.Smith, ournewteacher, isverykindtous. YesterdayImetTom, afriendofmybrother's. Thefact thathehadnotsaidanything surprisedeverybody.★即时训练:指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehan
7、dedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorro
8、w.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
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