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1、Unit10TheJeaningofAmericaThisisthestoryofasturdyAmericansymbolwhichhasnowspreadthroughoutmostoftheworld.Thesymbolisnotthedollar.ItisnotevenCoca-Cola.Itisasimplepairofpantscalledbluejeans,andwhatthepantssymbolizeiswhatAlexisdeTocquevillecalled"amanlyandlegitimatepassionforequality---"
2、Bluejeansarefavoredequallybybureaucratsandcowboys;bankersanddeadbeats;fashiondesignersandbeerdrinkers.Theydrawnodistinctionsandrecognizenoclasses;theyaremerelyAmerican.Yettheyaresoughtafteralmosteverywhereintheworld--includingRussia,whereauthoritiesrecentlybrokeupateen-agedgangthatwa
3、ssellingthemontheblackmarketfortwohundreddollarsapair.Theyhavebeenaroundforalongtime,anditseemslikelythattheywilloutliveeventhenecktie.ThisubiquitousAmericansymbolwastheinventionofaBavarian-bornJew.HisnamewasLeviStrauss.HewasborninBadOcheim,Germany,in1829,andduringtheEuropeanpolitica
4、lturmoilof1848decidedtotakehischancesinNewYork,towhichhistwobrothersalreadyhademigrated.Uponarrival,Levisoonfoundthathistwobrothershadexaggeratedtheirtalesofaneasylifeinthelandofthemainchance.Theywerelandowners,theyhadtoldhim;instead,hefoundthempushingneedles,thread,pots,pans,ribbons
5、,yam,scissorsandbuttonstohousewives.Fortwoyearshewasalowlypeddler,haulingsome180poundsofsundriesdoor-to-doortoekeoutamarginalliving.WhenamarriedsisterinSanFranciscoofferedtopayhiswayWestin1850,hejumpedattheopportunity,takingwithhimboltsofcanvashehopedtosellfortenting.Itwasthewrongkin
6、dofcanvasforthatpurpose,butwhiletalkingwithaminerdownfromthemotherlode,helearnedthatpants--sturdypantsthatwouldstanduptotherigorsofthedigging--werealmostimpossibletofind.Opportunitybeckoned.Onthespot,Straussmeasuredtheman'sgirthandinseamwithapieceofstringand,forsixdollarsingolddust,h
7、ad[thecanvas]tailoredintoapairofstiffbutruggedpants.Theminerwasdelightedwiththeresult,wordgotaroundabout"thosepantsofLevi's,"andStrausswasinbusiness.Thecompanyhasbeeninbusinesseversince.WhenStraussranoutofcanvas,hewrotehistwobrotherstosendmore.Hereceivedinsteadatough,browncottoncloth
8、madeinNimes,
