英语句子概论.doc

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1、英语句子概论基本成分附属成分独立成分省略成分连接成分简单句、并列句、复合句英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）谓语（predicate）表语（predicative）宾语（object）宾语补足语(objectcomplement）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！1)Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandsixiseight.4)Smokingisharmfultothehe

2、alth.5)ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.谓语:说明主语的动作，状态或特征。1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Herfatherisanengineer.3)Sheseemedtired.4)LiHuashowedmehisalbum.宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物.1)WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.2)Themedicineisgoodforacough.3)Howmanynotebooks

3、doyouwant?4)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?6)HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodoinsummer.宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征.1)Thegovernmentappointedherchiefdelegatetotheconference.2)Idon’tbelievethestorytrue.3)Youshouldputyourthingsinorder.4)Thedoctoradvisedhertostayinbed

4、foraweek.5)Wesawthepupilsplayingbasketball.表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.2)Heisalwayscareless.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限

5、定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。Tomisahandsomeboy.Thetwoboysarestudents.HisboyneedsTom'spen.Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.Theboyneedsaballpen.ThebestboyhereisTom.Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件

6、、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)Shesingsquitewell.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Hesitsthere,askingforapen.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）Weallarestudents./(a

7、ll是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）Thenewsthatourteamwonwastrue.练习：用符号标出下列句子的成分：1)Isawyouruncleintheshopyesterday.2)HerfatherbecameaPartymemberin1950.3)Tosleeponaspringbedisverycomfortable.4)Mr.HopkinsteachesMaryEng