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1、基于MATLAB的直线电机PID控制器设计摘要随着现代工业的飞快发展,控制对象日益复杂,对其的性能控制要求也不断提高,致使人们寻找更好的控制方法,其中以改进PID控制最为典型。PID控制器具有结构简单、容易实现、控制效果好、鲁棒性强等特点,是目前最稳定的控制方法之一。它所涉及的参数物理意义明确,理论分析体系完整,并为工程界所熟悉,因而在工业过程控制中得到了广泛应用。直线电机是近年来国外积极研究发展的新型电机之一,凭借自身的特性在以直线运动的工业控制中,有比旋转电机巨大的优越性。可广泛应用于交通运输、起重搬运、物流传输装置、国防及煤矿运输、车床进
2、给等方面,发展前景十分广阔。传统的比例积分微分(PID)控制器参数往往因整定不良、性能欠佳,对运行状况的适应性很差。简单的控制又不能很好地适应对象系统特性变化时的最佳控制要求。因此,鉴于控制方法目前仍有广泛应用,对参数整定方法的研究将具有很好的应用价值。本文根据稳定边界法则及Ziegler-Nichol算法,以直线电机控制模型为例介绍如何在MATLAB工具帮助下整定并验证PID控制器参数,使参数的整定变得简单、易行,使整定效果更优化。关键词:直线电机PID控制MATLAB控制系统参数整定系统仿真Abstract:Withthefastdevel
3、opmentofmodernindustry,morecomplicatedcontrolobject,itsperformancecontrolrequirementsimprovecontinuously,causepeoplelookingforbettercontrolmethod,whichtoimprovePIDcontrolisthemosttypicalexample.ThePID(Proportional-Integral-Derivative)controlisoneofthemostcommoncontrolmethods
4、atpresent.Itsstructureissimpleandeasytoimplement,however,thecontroleffectisperfectandithasastrongrobustcharacteristics.Thephysicalparametersis,meaningof,theoreticalanalysisofsystemisintegrity,anditisfamiliarbytheengineeringsector,whichintheindustrialprocesscontrolhasbeenwide
5、lyused.Linearmotorisoneofthestudiednewmotor.Becauseofitspeculiarity,thelinearmotorperformedbetterthanrotarymotorinthecontrolsystemswhenthemovingrouteislinear.Itsapplicationrangeextendswidelyandwidely.Andithasbeenappliedinmanyfields.However,thetraditionalparameteradaptability
6、ofproportion-integral-differential(PID)controllertotheoperatingsituationisverybadsometimesbecausethereductionandperformanceisn'tgood.Simplecontrolandcan'twelladapttochangesinthesystemcharacteristicsoftheobjectofoptimalcontrolrequirements.Therefore,inviewofthecontrolmethodisc
7、urrentlytherearestillwidelyused,tothestudyofthemethodofparametersettingwillhaveagoodapplicationvalue.AccordingtothestableboundaryprincipleandZiegler-Nicholalgorithm,thispaperintroduceshowtoreduceandvalidatethePIDcontrollerparameterwiththehelpofMATLABtooltakingthelinearmotorc
8、ontrolmodelasanexample.Makingtheparameterssetbecomessimple,easytooperate,an