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1、在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句关系代词：who,whomwhose,which,that关系副词：when,where关系代词的句法功能及指代功能关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：指代人指代物指代人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whose(=ofwh
2、om)whose(=ofwhich)在从句中的作用指代功能定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰的成分之后。e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句Doyouknowthedoctor?Hespokejustnow.Doyouknowthedoctorwhospokejustnow?whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheBeijingHotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icall
3、edherjustnow.Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。e.g.I’mnotinterestedinthebookwhichhasjustbeenpublished.appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.Theapplewhichisredissmall.Theapplewhi
4、chisgreenisbig.Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.Ihavereadthenewspaperwhichcarriestheimportantnews.Ishowedhimtheletter.Ireceiveditthismorning.Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。e.g.ThehousethatI’mgoingtob
5、uyfacessouth.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.They’retalkingaboutthefilm(that)I’veseen.ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.Janehasborrowedthebook.JanehasborrowedthebookthatwaswrittenbyLaoshe.*先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定语从句必须用that引导。all,every,any,little,few,much,no,only,very,t
6、he+序数词,the+形容词最高级e.g.Thisisthecleanestparkthatyoucanimagine.Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonshehadvisitedinthecity.*在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用that引导。thate.g.Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere.thate.g.ThisistheonlybookthathasbeenwritteninFrench.*先行词在从句中作表语时,限制性
7、定语从句通常用that引导。(常可省略)e.g.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.Thatisthenewmachine.Thepartsofitaretoosmalltosee.That’sthemachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltosee.当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等,指人时一般用who,不用that。e.g.Thosewhowanttogotothe
8、cinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。e.g.Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.先行词是人,从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时,用whom或that(介词后不用th
