1、英语五个基本句式及句子成分(basic sentence patterns and different components ) 前言:这份资料是老师非常认真整理出来的,请大家,特别是基础比较差的同学一定要从头至尾认认真真看几遍,慢慢消化当中的知识点,对你们学好英语一定会有很大的帮助的!! So why not have a try? 一、Different components: (各种成分) 英语的句子成分跟中文的句子成分很像的,主要包括下面这些: 1. 主语 subject (简写S) 2.谓语 predicate 分为:int
2、ransitive verb (vi)/ transitive verb (vt) 3. 宾语 object (分为:direct object / indirect object ) (简写O) 4. 宾补 object complement (简写OC) 5. 状语 adverbial 6. 表语 predicative 7. 定语 attributive ## :No matter how long the sentence is, it consists of some of these components.
3、 不管多长的句子,都是由这些成分当中的一些所构成的。 1、 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词(numeral),动词不定式,动名词,从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! eg: The boy comes from America. (名词作主语) He made a speech. (代词作主语) Two and two is four. (数词作主语) To be a teacher is my dream. (不定式作主语) Doing a research is a necessary
4、step of covering a story. (动名词作主语) That he is admitted to a key university is known to us all. (从句作主语,也就是我们说的主语从句) 中文里“某人做某事”做主语时,常用以下句式: to do sth To be a teacher is my dream. doing sth Teaching is his job. That/when从句 That he hopes to be a teacher is known
5、to us all. Sb’s doing sth His being a teacher makes him proud. It …… for sb to do sth It is important for us to study English well. It is no use / good doing sth It is no use crying. It „„ 从句。 It is known to us that he wants to be a teacher. 2. 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态
6、变化的主角,一般在主语之后。 1)谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,这就形成主谓结构, We come. (vi) Many changes took place in my home town. (不及物动词短语) 2 注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等) 2) 谓语可以是及物动词(vt.)后面跟宾语,形成主谓宾/ 主谓双宾结构 3. 宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是
7、‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。 I will do it tomorrow. (代词作宾语) The boy needs a pen. (名词作宾语) I like swimming. (动名词作主语) I like to swim this afternoon. (不定式作宾语) I don’t doubt that he will succeed one day. (从句作宾语,也就是宾语从句) 注意点